A study on willingness and influencing factors to receive COVID-19 vaccination among Qingdao residents

Attitudes, acceptance and hesitancy among the general population worldwide to receive the COVID-19 vaccines and their contributing factors: A systematic review

“…After performing the full text assessment, an additional 15articles were excluded. Reasons for exclusion included the data not being relevant to the research question ( n = 7) [30] , [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] , [36] , unavailability of full-text ( n = 2) [ 37 , 38 ], the paper not being peer-reviewed at the time of the search ( n = 4) [39] , [40] , [41] , [42] , and the studies were initially published as secondary research but were identified in the updated search as an original research article ( n = 2). Thus, 71 studies from the first systematic search were included in the qualitative synthesis.…”

“…Themes identified to contribute to high hesitancy were most prominently associated with certain socio-demographic variables. Such variables included income (e.g., being low-income population), age (e.g., younger patients were more hesitant, partially as they perceived being at lower risk compared to elders [ 69 , 74 , 79 , 80 , 96 , 149 ]), education (e.g., having a lower education degree [ 69 , 71 , 96 , 97 , 101 , 102 , 146 , 148 , 150 , 152 ]), area of residence (e.g., those in rural areas were more hesitant [ 69 , 101 , 149 ]), reported race and/or ethnicity (e.g., those who identified as minorities [ 38 , [69] , [70] , [71] , 75 , 77 , 78 , 103 , 149 , 151 ]). Interestingly, studies that included specific populations (such as patients with different health conditions) generally observed a lower intention to vaccinate among them compared with the general population.…”

“…Many studies reported that participants who expressed hesitancy usually did not believe that the vaccine is necessary to combat the pandemic. Additionally, individuals in low-income settings [ 38 , 78 , 147 ], racial and/or ethnic minorities, and those with lower education were identified as more hesitant sub-populations. In the context of healthcare, it has been shown that minority populations, as well as those from low-income communities, express cultural strength and are more compliant to healthcare regulations when faced by a provider of their same cultural and/or community context [134] .…”

An Instrumental Variable Probit Modeling of COVID-19 Vaccination Compliance in Malawi

“…A good example is a situation where an individual suffers from allergic reactions from some medications or foods which may affect the decision to be vaccinated and the person’s health. This is a critical point because there have been several claims on the side effects of COVID-19 vaccines and previous studies have highlighted the issue of safety as a fundamental factor influencing decision to get vaccinated [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. This implies that endogeneity is a potential problem in Equations (2) and (3).…”

“…It was also found that the willingness to get vaccines was associated with education, while the acceptable price range for vaccines was US$75 to US$149. In another study, vaccination fees also reduced willingness to be vaccinated [ 24 ].…”