“…Jung, 2000;Sohn, 1999). However, since the 1990s, Japanese (Cook, 1997(Cook, , 1998Maynard, 1993;Okamoto, 1998Okamoto, , 1999 and Korean (Kim and Strauss, 2018;Lee, 1996Lee, , 1999Lee and Cho, 2015;Strauss and Eun, 2005;Yoon, 2015) studies that utilize conversation data have demonstrated that speakers often shift between different honorific levels within one spate of conversation. These studies often draw on the theoretical framework of indexicality (Ochs, 1992;Peirce and Buchler, 1955;Silverstein, 2003), analyzing such shifts as indexing momentary shifts in a speaker's stance in their construction and negotiation of the self, relationship with the addressee, the current speech event, the action under way, and so forth.…”