A Study on the Urolithiasis Incidence in Turkish School-Age Children

Doğan, Remzi; Çakmak, Fatma; Erkan, I.

doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)56063-2

Cited by 47 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…The incidence has been reported to range between 0.1 and 5% in the USA and Europe [1,2], and prevalence was noted to vary from 1 in 1,000 to 1 in 7,600 hospital admissions depending on the geographic region in the USA [3]. Epidemiological studies from Turkey, where urinary stone disease is considered to be endemic, revealed that 17% of cases with urinary stone disease were under age 14 [4], and that the annual incidence of urolithiasis in asymptomatic primary school children was 1% [5]. Furthermore, lower urinary tract stones continue to be a major pediatric health problem in developing countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Risk Factors in Pediatric and Adult Calcium Oxalate Urinary Stone Formers: Is There Any Difference?

et al. 2003

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Objectives: Urolithiasis in children is recognized with an increasing frequency, while exact etiological factors remain to be determined. The aim of this study is to compare the metabolic risk factors and saturation of urine in pediatric and adult calcium oxalate (Ca-Ox) stone formers. Methods: A total of 33 pediatric (mean age: 6.8 ± 3.1 years) and 120 adult patients (mean age: 39.7 ± 5.7 years), with documented Ca-Ox urinary stone disease, underwent a comprehensive metabolic evaluation at our institution. Beside a broad serum analysis, concentrations of calcium, oxalate, magnesium, uric acid and citrate were measured in 24-hour collected urine. Saturation of urine was calculated by Marshall-Robertson’s nomograms. Results: Hypocitraturia, observed in 60.6%, and hypomagnesuria, detected in 39.4%, but not hypercalciuria, were the most common metabolic risk factors in the pediatric group. In adults, hypercalciuria still represented one of the major metabolic risk factors, detected in 44.1%, although hypocitraturia, observed in 45.8%, was the most prevalent metabolic risk factor, as it was in the pediatric group. Pediatric cases had significantly (p < 0.05) higher prevalence of hypocitraturia, hypomagnesuria and supersaturated urine when compared to adults. Metabolic abnormalities could be detected in a high percentage (82%) of primary and recurrent pediatric Ca-Ox stone formers, but not in primary adult stone formers. Conclusions: Metabolic risk factors significantly differ in pediatric and adult Ca-Ox stone formers. Hypocitraturia and hypomagnesuria seem to play a major role in stone formation, and metabolic abnormalities can be detected in a significant percentage of both primary and recurrent pediatric stone formers. Thus, a comprehensive metabolic evaluation is of utmost importance for all children with Ca-Ox stones.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Risk Factors in Pediatric and Adult Calcium Oxalate Urinary Stone Formers: Is There Any Difference?

et al. 2003

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“…Though limited number of publications are available on pediatric age group, in a screening study urinary stone disease was encountered in 0.8% of school age children. [4] A complex process involving metabolic, and anatomic factors, and infections may result in formation of urinary system stone, and its treatment differs between children, and adults. Pediatric stone disease is a risk factor for the recurrence of stone disease in later years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimally invasive approaches and their efficacy in pediatric urolithiasis

Altıntaş

Beytur

Oğuz

et al. 2013

Turkish Journal of Urology

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Objective: We compared the frequency of usage and success of minimally invasive approaches in the management of pediatric urolithiasis in our clinic. Material and methods:Data from pediatric patients (≤16 years of age) who had undergone percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL), ureterorenoscopy (URS), and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) between January 2001 and December 2011 were retrospectively investigated. Results:In this study, 415 pediatric patients, who were treated for 291 renal, and 124 ureteral stones, were evaluated. The patients were treated with PNL (n=148; 82 boys, 66 girls), URS (n=99; 58 boys, and 41 girls) or ESWL (n=168; 91 boys, and 77 girls). The mean patient ages were 7.3 (1-16), 9.1 (1-16), and 8.8 (1-16) years in the PNL, URS, and ESWL groups, respectively. The stone-free rates after treatment with PNL, URS, and ESWL were 77, 83.8 and 88.7%, respectively. Conclusion:It is important that selected therapies are properly planned, and the use of minimally invasive approaches is important in pediatric patients due to potentially high recurrence rates. Currently, ESWL, PNL and URS are performed with high success rates for the treatment of stones, and open surgery is rarely used due to the success obtained with minimally invasive approaches.

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“…Although the incidence of urolithiasis in the pediatric population has been reported to be between 1% and 2.7%, the true incidence has not been reliably estimated. [1][2][3] Additionally, the incidence of pediatric urolithiasis varies geographically, and it is more difficult to estimate incidence in non-endemic populations, such as South Korea. Some studies have reported that the annual incidence of pediatric urolithiasis has increased over the last century in response to the risk factors including dietary changes, metabolic abnormalities, climate change, infection patterns, and genitourinary abnormalities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic features and renal outcomes of urolithiasis in children

Lee

Cho

2016

Renal Failure

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Aim: The incidence of pediatric urolithiasis has increased over the last century because of dietary changes, metabolic abnormalities, climate change, and genitourinary abnormalities. Data on pediatric urolithiasis in non-endemic countries are limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical findings and metabolic etiology of urolithiasis in Korean children. Material and methods: The medical records of 73 Korean children who were newly diagnosed with urolithiasis from January 2010 to December 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Evaluation of metabolic risk factors, including hypercalciuria, hyperuricosuria, hypomagnesuria, hyperoxaluria, and hypocitraturia, required analysis of 24-h urine specimens or, alternatively, for infants and toddlers, the solute-creatinine ratio in spot urine. Results: The male-to-female ratio of the included patients was 1.3:1. The median age at diagnosis was 10.1 years, and the patients were divided into two age groups with pre-school-age children (n ¼ 27, 37.0%) and school-age children (n ¼ 46, 63.0%). While flank pain was more common in school-age children, incidentally detected or urinary tract infection (UTI)-associated urolithiasis was more common in pre-school-age children. Eight patients (11.0%) had renal function deterioration associated with urolithiasis, and three patients (4.1%) progressed to chronic kidney disease. Metabolic abnormalities according to urine chemistry were found in 30 patients (41.1%), including hypercalciuria in 21.9%, hyperuricosuria in 11.0%, hypomagnesuria in 4.1%, hyperoxaluria in 1.4%, hypocitraturia in 1.4%, and cystinuria in 1.4%. Conclusion: We suggest that school-age children with renal colic and pre-school-age children with UTI should be evaluated for urolithiasis. Additionally, the evaluation for metabolic risk factors is important in order to prevent recurrence and renal insufficiency. ARTICLE HISTORY

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A Study on the Urolithiasis Incidence in Turkish School-Age Children

Cited by 47 publications

References 1 publication

Metabolic Risk Factors in Pediatric and Adult Calcium Oxalate Urinary Stone Formers: Is There Any Difference?

Metabolic Risk Factors in Pediatric and Adult Calcium Oxalate Urinary Stone Formers: Is There Any Difference?

Minimally invasive approaches and their efficacy in pediatric urolithiasis

Metabolic features and renal outcomes of urolithiasis in children

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