“…In this case, the discrete element method (DEM) can improve the particulate scale understanding of the powder compaction process [29][30][31][32][33][34][35], while the effectiveness of DEM numerical simulation is largely limited to small deformation or lower relative density than 0.85 [31]. In recent years, to alleviate the restrictions and difficulties involved in the FEM and DEM modelling, the socalled multiparticle finite element method (MPFEM) has been introduced to comprehensively simulate the compaction process of various powders such as pure copper [36][37][38], Al [39], iron [40], composite Fe/Al [41], Al/SiC [42], and other ductile and brittle [43][44][45] powder mixtures. e advantages of this approach can be attributed to combining the characteristics of FEM and DEM and intuitively presenting the powder movement, large deformation, and stress distribution from the particulate scale, while literature review indicated that to the best of our knowledge, fewer numerical studies have been reported in the compaction of TiC-316L composite powders from particulate scale, and the corresponding densification dynamics and mechanisms during compaction process are still far from fully understood.…”