A Study on the Solid Ammonium SCR System for Control of Diesel NOx Emissions

Kim, Hongsuk; Yoon, Choon Sup; Lee, Jun-Ho; Lee, Hoyeol

doi:10.4271/2014-01-1535

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Compared to the water based solution of urea (Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF), AdBlue ® or AUS 32) the gaseous ammonia can be introduced into the exhaust gas already from a temperature of 100–140 °C in order to have high NO x reduction efficiency. This temperature is lower than the minimum exhaust gas temperature of around 200 °C that is required for the injection of urea solution to ensure a complete decomposition and hydrolysis of urea to ammonia and to avoid catalyst deactivation, by-products and deposits ( Brack et al, 2016 , Guan et al, 2014 , Lacin et al, 2011 , Kim et al, 2014 ). While AdAmmine™ uses a formulation based on strontium chloride as carrier material, other solids have been considered in the past such as solid urea, ammonium salts (ammonium carbamate and ammonium carbonate), and other metal ammine chloride salts (magnesium ammine chloride, calcium ammine chloride, and strontium ammine chloride).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Evaluation of NOx emissions of a retrofitted Euro 5 passenger car for the Horizon prize “Engine retrofit”

Giechaskiel

Suarez-Bertoa

Lähde

et al. 2018

Environmental Research

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The Horizon 2020 prize for the “Engine Retrofit for Clean Air” aims at reducing the pollution in cities by spurring the development of retrofit technology for diesel engines. A Euro 5 passenger car was retrofitted with an under-floor SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) for NOx catalyst in combination with a solid ammonia based dosing system as the NOx reductant. The vehicle was tested both on the road and on the chassis dynamometer under various test cycles and ambient temperatures. The NOx emissions were reduced by 350–1100 mg/km (60–85%) in the laboratory depending on the test cycle and engine conditions (cold or hot start), except at type approval conditions. The reduction for cold start urban cycles was < 75 mg/km (< 15%). The on road and laboratory tests were inline. In some high speed conditions significant increase of ammonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) were measured. No effect was seen on other pollutants (hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and particles). The results of the present study show that retrofitting high emitting vehicles can significantly reduce vehicle NOx emissions and ultimately pollution in cities.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Evaluation of NOx emissions of a retrofitted Euro 5 passenger car for the Horizon prize “Engine retrofit”

Giechaskiel

Suarez-Bertoa

Lähde

et al. 2018

Environmental Research

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“…From the figure, it can be inferred that the ammonium carbonate decomposition is a single-step process, and below 40 C, no decomposition occurred. Rapid decomposition started at 100 C and on reaching 140 C, almost all the ammonium carbonate salts got decomposed as discussed in the literature 26. There was no residual mass left behind by the ammonium carbonate sample.For solid urea, the decomposition started only at a temperature of 140 C and ended at 448 C leaving behind a residual mass of 2.22%.…”

mentioning

confidence: 53%

“…Having high densities of ammonia, the ammonium carbonate and carbamate 25 salts decomposed to produce ammonia gas leaving no solid residue. Both salts had very similar properties such as decomposition temperature and vapor pressure 26 . The decomposition takes place as a single‐step process for both salts and they do not yield any partial intermediates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Experimental investigation to enhance the low‐temperature nitrogen oxide emission reduction in biodiesel exhaust using selective catalytic reduction with direct ammonia injection and manganese cerium zirconia catalyst

Joseph

Pachamuthu

Solomon

et al. 2021

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) employs AdBlue, a reducing agent over a catalytic surface to reduce the oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) emission in diesel engines. SCR's inherent problem is its poor cold start performance at exhaust temperatures below 150 C. In the current work, the researcher has discussed the investigation of two techniques to enhance low-temperature NO x conversion and combined them to achieve the best results. First, AdBlue injection was replaced by gaseous ammonia injection. The gaseous ammonia was generated by heating solid ammonia precursor materials such as solid urea and ammonium carbonate. Second, to improve the catalytic performance, MnCeZrO x catalysts were introduced instead of conventional CuZ catalysts. MnCeZrO x were prepared in the laboratory using its component materials.The prepared catalyst was tested through SEM and EDAX analysis. The newly developed SCR system was tested and compared with a conventional Adblue-CuZ SCR.The results revealed with diesel fuel at exhaust temperatures below 150 C the ammonia-MnCeZrO x SCR system gave a 90% increase in NO x reduction compared to the conventional system. With biodiesel blend jatropha B20 the conversion was greater than 80% from 100 to 150 C. A maximum NO x conversion of 95% was obtained for diesel and 93% for jatropha Biodiesel blend B20.

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“…This concept focusses on the application of an alternative or second precursor besides urea, which is suitable for onboard generation of ammonia at lower temperatures. The following alternative precursors have been discussed for onboard application in the literature: -guanidinium formate [46, 96 -99], -ammonium formate [46,70,96], -ammonium carbamate [96,[100][101][102], -ammonium carbonate [101,102], -methanamide [46,96,103], and -solid urea [46,102,104].…”

Section: Alternative Precursor For Ammonia Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Technical Approaches for Improving Low‐Temperature NO_x Conversion of Exhaust Aftertreatment Systems

Braun

Gebhard

Matysik

et al. 2018

Chemie Ingenieur Technik

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Lean‐burn engines, such as diesel engines, are widely used in mobile and stationary applications. Operation of lean‐burn engines leads to formation of distinct amounts of nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2). Efficient aftertreatment is mandatory to meet legal requirements, especially at low exhaust temperatures, as for the future a decline of the exhaust temperature level can be predicted due to improved engine efficiencies. Within this review, potential technical solutions to enhance the DeNOx‐aftertreatment efficiency at low exhaust temperatures are presented.

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A Study on the Solid Ammonium SCR System for Control of Diesel NOx Emissions

Cited by 14 publications

References 6 publications

Evaluation of NOx emissions of a retrofitted Euro 5 passenger car for the Horizon prize “Engine retrofit”

Evaluation of NOx emissions of a retrofitted Euro 5 passenger car for the Horizon prize “Engine retrofit”

Experimental investigation to enhance the low‐temperature nitrogen oxide emission reduction in biodiesel exhaust using selective catalytic reduction with direct ammonia injection and manganese cerium zirconia catalyst

Potential Technical Approaches for Improving Low‐Temperature NO_x Conversion of Exhaust Aftertreatment Systems

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A Study on the Solid Ammonium SCR System for Control of Diesel NOx Emissions

Cited by 14 publications

References 6 publications

Evaluation of NOx emissions of a retrofitted Euro 5 passenger car for the Horizon prize “Engine retrofit”

Evaluation of NOx emissions of a retrofitted Euro 5 passenger car for the Horizon prize “Engine retrofit”

Experimental investigation to enhance the low‐temperature nitrogen oxide emission reduction in biodiesel exhaust using selective catalytic reduction with direct ammonia injection and manganese cerium zirconia catalyst

Potential Technical Approaches for Improving Low‐Temperature NOx Conversion of Exhaust Aftertreatment Systems

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Potential Technical Approaches for Improving Low‐Temperature NO_x Conversion of Exhaust Aftertreatment Systems