A study on the inclusion of forest canopy morphology data in numerical simulations for the purpose of wind resource assessment

Desmond, Cian; Watson, Simon J.; Aubrun, Sandrine; Avila, Sergio González; Hancock, P. E.; Sayer, Adam

doi:10.1016/j.jweia.2013.12.011

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The LAD was used according to Shaw and Schumann [14] in combination with a mean forest height. However, the canopy morphology may also have an impact on the wind flow [39]. Unfortunately, as often this data is not available for the WindForS test site at present and, therefore, this aspect could be part of future investigations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Different Turbulence Models Simulating Wind Flow in Complex Terrain: A Case Study for the WindForS Test Site

et al. 2018

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A model for the simulation of wind flow in complex terrain is presented based on the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations. For the description of turbulence, the standard k-ε, the renormalization group (RNG) k-ε, and a Reynolds stress turbulence model are applied. Additional terms are implemented in the momentum equations to describe stratification of the Earth's atmosphere and to account for the Coriolis forces driven by the Earth's rotation, as well as for the drag force due to forested canopy. Furthermore, turbulence production and dissipation terms are added to the turbulence equations for the two-equation, as well as for the Reynolds stress models, in order to capture different types of land use. The approaches for the turbulence models are verified by means of a homogeneous canopy test case with flat terrain and constant forest height. The validation of the models is performed by investigating the WindForS wind test site. The simulation results are compared with five-hole probe velocity measurements using multipurpose airborne sensor carrier (MASC) systems (unmanned small research aircraft)-UAV at different locations for the main wind regime. Additionally, Reynolds stresses measured with sonic anemometers at a meteorological wind mast at different heights are compared with simulation results using the Reynolds stress turbulence model.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Different Turbulence Models Simulating Wind Flow in Complex Terrain: A Case Study for the WindForS Test Site

et al. 2018

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“…The source term for the dissipation,

ϵ

, is,

f_{ϵ} = ρ C_{d} α_{f} false| U false| ϵ ([], \frac{C_{ϵ 4} β_{p} false| U {false|}^{2}}{k} - C_{ϵ 5} β_{d}),

where

C_{ϵ 4} = 0.9

and

C_{ϵ 5} = 0.9

are model constants. Desmond et al and some others have used this model and it has been verified as an accurate assessment of the porosity of the forest canopy . The choice of values of the coefficients in the source terms equations are adopted from references …”

Section: Modelling Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Series of numerical studies have been carried out on the simulations of wind flow over forest . In most of these studies, the forest canopy features have been explicitly represented in the simulation domain using the leaf area density (LAD).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of different forest densities on atmospheric boundary‐layer development and wind‐turbine wake

2020

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The aim of this work is to investigate the atmospheric boundary-layer (ABL) flow and the wind turbine wake over forests with varying leaf area densities (LAD). The forest LAD profile used in this study is based on a real forest site, Ryningsnäs, located in Sweden. The reference turbine used to model the wake is a well-documented 5-MW turbine, which is implemented in the simulations using an actuator line model (ALM). All simulations are carried out with openFOAM using the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) approach. Twelve forest cases with leaf area index (LAI) ranging from 0.42 to 8.5 are considered. Results show that the mean velocity decreases with increasing LAI within the forest canopy, but increases with LAI above the hub height. Meanwhile, the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) varies nonmonotonically with forest density. The TKE increases with forest density and reaches to its maximum at an average LAI of 1.70, afterwards, it decreases gradually as the density increases. It is also observed that the forest density has a clear role in the wake development and recovery. Comparisons between no-forest and forest cases show that the forest characteristics help in damping the added turbulence from the turbine. As a consequence, the forest with the highest upstream turbulence has the shortest wake downstream of the turbine. KEYWORDS actuator line model, atmospheric boundary-layer, forest density, turbulent kinetic energy, wind power, wind-turbine wake

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“…Meroney (1970) used architectural plastic model trees, Brunet et al (1994) used flexible nylon wire, Sanz Rodrigo et al (2007) blocks of rubber foam, Lee and Lee (2012) used real miniature fir trees, and Desmond et al (2014) used rigid architectural model trees.…”

Section: Forest Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To mimic the higher leaf density in the tree crown of a real forest, the upper part of each ring was rolled-up to increase the solidity. The Leaf Area Density (LAD) profile obtained (see Desmond et al (2014)) is shown in Fig. 4 (b).…”

Section: Forest Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of coherent structures to momentum and concentration fluxes over a flat vegetation canopy modelled in a wind tunnel

Conan

Aubrun

Coudour

et al. 2015

Atmospheric Environment

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A study on the inclusion of forest canopy morphology data in numerical simulations for the purpose of wind resource assessment

Cited by 24 publications

References 42 publications

Application of Different Turbulence Models Simulating Wind Flow in Complex Terrain: A Case Study for the WindForS Test Site

Application of Different Turbulence Models Simulating Wind Flow in Complex Terrain: A Case Study for the WindForS Test Site

Impact of different forest densities on atmospheric boundary‐layer development and wind‐turbine wake

Contribution of coherent structures to momentum and concentration fluxes over a flat vegetation canopy modelled in a wind tunnel

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