A Study on the Improvement of Smart Grid Security Performance and Blockchain Smart Grid Perspective

Abstract

Interest in green energy has increased worldwide. Therefore, smart grid projects to form a more efficient and eco-friendly intelligent grid by combining information technology (IT) technology with the existing grid are actively being conducted. In Korea, a national-level smart grid project road map has been confirmed, and an action plan has been prepared. Despite such actions, there may appear various threat scenarios in the application of the IT to the grid as a reverse function. Security technology is a measure to respond to such threats effectively. The security technology of a smart grid is an important factor that is directly related to the success or failure of the smart grid project. A smart grid is a new type of next-generation grid born of the fusion with IT. If the smart grid, the backbone of the power supply, is damaged by a cyberattack, it may cause huge damage, such as a nationwide power outage. In fact, there is an increasing cyberattack threat, and the cyber security threat to the smart grid is not insignificant. Furthermore, the legal system related to information protection is also important in order to support it systematically. In this paper, the necessity of the smart grid is examined, and the industry's initiative toward the smart grid security threat and threat response is examined. In this paper, we also suggest a security plan of applying Rainbowchain, the Blockchain technology, to the smart grid and energy exchange. We propose achieving superior performance and security functions by using Rainbowchain, which contains seven authentication techniques among existing Blockchain technologies, and propose the ecosystem and architecture necessary for its application. Figure 1. Diagram of smart grid.It applies a differentiated power rate system by power supply and demand condition in order to distribute power consumption. It also shows the usage and power rate in real time in order to induce consumers to save energy voluntarily. The power producer can also enhance the stability of the grid and reduce costs through remote automatic metering. As such, it increases operational efficiency and reduces the investment of the power plant due to the reduction of the maximum power demand. Consumers may charge power to the energy storage device during the time when the power rate is low. Conversely, they sell electricity at times when demand is high. As such, they become prosumers.In the first power layer, the distributed power source system connection and intelligence transmission system development take attention. The intelligent transmission network contains an intelligent power device, such as a smart meter to control the transmission network efficiently through the automatic restoration function by the grid operator, and it is expected that a distributed transmission network and distributed power to the customer system, a high-pressure direct current transmission system (HVDC3), a flexible transmission system (FACTS), and an auto recovery function will be introduced. In the second communication layer, ...

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