A study on the impact of lithium-ion cell relaxation on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

Barai, Anup; Chouchelamane, Gael Henri; Guo, Yue; McGordon, Andrew; Jennings, Paul

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.01.097

Cited by 202 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Then, the battery is discharged with a constant current phase of 2.35 A to its discharge cut-off voltage 2.7 V. The experiment is repeated until the difference between the discharge capacity of each measurement does not exceed 2%, and then the measured capacity is deemed to be the actual capacity of the battery. (2) The battery is fully charged with the standard charging method described by Step (1) and then the battery is left in the open-circuit condition to rest for 4 h to achieve electrochemical and heat equilibrium [9]. (3) The battery is discharged with a constant current 2.35 A for 6 minutes (i.e., discharging by 10% of the capacity) and then the battery is left in the open-circuit condition to rest for 4 h to achieve electrochemical and heat equilibrium.…”

Section: Battery Testing Benchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(3) The HPPC test is performed and then the battery is left in the open-circuit condition to rest for 4 h to achieve electrochemical and heat equilibrium [9]. (4) The battery is discharged with a constant current 2.35 A for 6 minutes and then the battery is left in the open-circuit condition to rest for 4 h to achieve electrochemical and heat equilibrium.…”

Section: Ohmic Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reliability of lithium-ion battery systems has yet to be improved. Recently, lithium-ion batteries have reached a degree of implementation that enabled their use in stringent automotive applications; for example, the Nissan LEAF rolled off the assembly line in 2010 as well as the Tesla Roadster in 2008 [9]. Automotive lithium-ion batteries usually consist of hundreds or voltage and current shown in the battery operation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative Research on RC Equivalent Circuit Models for Lithium-Ion Batteries of Electric Vehicles

et al. 2017

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Equivalent circuit models are a hot research topic in the field of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles, and scholars have proposed a variety of equivalent circuit models, from simple to complex. On one hand, a simple model cannot simulate the dynamic characteristics of batteries; on the other hand, it is difficult to apply a complex model to a real-time system. At present, there are few systematic comparative studies on equivalent circuit models of lithium-ion batteries. The representative first-order resistor-capacitor (RC) model and second-order RC model commonly used in the literature are studied comparatively in this paper. Firstly, the parameters of the two models are identified experimentally; secondly, the simulation model is built in Matlab/Simulink environment, and finally the output precision of these two models is verified by the actual data. The results show that in the constant current condition, the maximum error of the first-order RC model is 1.65% and the maximum error for the second-order RC model is 1.22%. In urban dynamometer driving schedule (UDDS) condition, the maximum error of the first-order RC model is 1.88%, and for the second-order RC model the maximum error is 1.69%. This is of great instructional significance to the application in practical battery management systems for the equivalent circuit model of lithium-ion batteries of electric vehicles.

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Section: Battery Testing Benchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ohmic Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative Research on RC Equivalent Circuit Models for Lithium-Ion Batteries of Electric Vehicles

et al. 2017

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“…This was performed by discharging the cells to 2.0 V, followed by a four hour rest step, as it has been recently shown that this is the time required for lithium ion cell to settle electrochemically to an acceptable level [39]. Afterwards, the cells were charged using a constant current-constant voltage (CC-CV) method, applying 1C for the CC part to 3.6 V and then holding the voltage chamber temperature was altered to the test temperature as shown in the test matrix in Table 1.…”

Section: Discharge Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large format lithium ion pouch cell full thermal characterisation for improved electric vehicle thermal management

Grandjean

Barai

Hosseinzadeh

et al. 2017

Journal of Power Sources

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A note on versions:The version presented here may differ from the published version or, version of record, if you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the 'permanent WRAP url' above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription.  Gradients across the cell thickness can be larger than across the cell surface. Similar heat distribution between charge and discharge scenarios. Self heating increases available capacity at low temperatures *Highlights (for review) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 AbstractIt is crucial to maintain temperature homogeneity in lithium ion batteries in order to prevent adverse voltage distributions and differential ageing within the cell. As such, the thermal behaviour of a large-format 20 Ah lithium iron phosphate pouch cell is investigated over a wide range of ambient temperatures and C rates during both charging and discharging. Whilst previous studies have only considered one surface, this article presents experimental results, which characterise both surfaces of the cell exposed to similar thermal media and boundary conditions, allowing for thermal gradients in-plane and perpendicular to the stack to be quantified. Temperature gradients, caused by self-heating, are found to increase with increasing C rate and decreasing temperature to such an extent that 13.4 ± 0.7% capacity can be extracted using a 10C discharge compared to a 0.5C discharge, both at -10°C ambient temperature. The former condition causes a 18.8 ± 1.1˚C in plane gradient and a 19.7 ± 0.8˚C thermal gradient perpendicular to the stack, which results in large current density distributions and local state of charge differences within the cell. The implications of these thermal and electrical inhomogeneities on ageing and battery pack design for the automotive industry are discussed.

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“…• Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is a non-destructive test that enables the parameterisation of battery ECMs, the individual elements of which may be correlated to electrochemical processes within the cell [31]. The test is carried out by applying an AC sinusoidal current of amplitude 2000 mA to the cell in a frequency range from 10 mHz to 10 kHz, and recording the cell response, from which the cell impedance may be calculated.…”

Section: Test Methodology 241 Cell Characterisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duty-cycle characterisation of large-format automotive lithium ion pouch cells for high performance vehicle applications

Kellner

Worwood

Barai

et al. 2018

Journal of Energy Storage

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A B S T R A C TThe long-term behaviour of lithium ion batteries in high-performance (HP) electric vehicle (EV) applications is not well understood due to a lack of suitable testing cycles and experimental data. As such a generic HP duty cycle (HP-C), representing driving on a race track is validated, and six NMC graphite cells are characterised with respect to cycle-life. To enable a comparison between the HP-EV environment and conventional road driving, two test groups of cells are subject to an experimental evaluation over 200 duty cycles that includes a representative HP-C and a standard duty cycle from the IEC 62660-1 standard (IECC). After testing, both test groups display increased energy capacity, increased pure Ohmic resistance, lower charge transfer resistance an extended OCV operating window. The changes are more pronounced for cells subject to the HP-C. Based on capacity tests, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), pseudo-OCV tests, and Pulse Multisine Characterisation, it is concluded that the changes in cell characteristics are most likely caused by cracking of the electrode material caused by high electrical current pulses. With continued cycling, cells cycled with the HP-C are expected to show degradation at an increased rate due to raised temperatures, and more pronounced electrode cracking.

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A study on the impact of lithium-ion cell relaxation on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

Cited by 202 publications

References 32 publications

Comparative Research on RC Equivalent Circuit Models for Lithium-Ion Batteries of Electric Vehicles

Comparative Research on RC Equivalent Circuit Models for Lithium-Ion Batteries of Electric Vehicles

Large format lithium ion pouch cell full thermal characterisation for improved electric vehicle thermal management

Duty-cycle characterisation of large-format automotive lithium ion pouch cells for high performance vehicle applications

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