A Study on the Factors Related Parenting Stress of Employed and Unemployed Mothers with Preschoolers

Chung, Jee-Nha

doi:10.5934/kjhe.2016.25.6.665

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Parental anger, meanwhile, was associated with the employment status of mothers negatively, that is, employed mothers had less parental anger than unemployed mothers. This result is contrary to previous findings that working mothers feel guilty for not being able to adequately play the role of parents due to the overload of work and childcare (J.-N. Chung, 2016;S.-S. Park, 2004) while supporting studies reporting higher parenting stress among unemployed mothers (Kwon, 2011;Yoon, Hwang, & Cho, 2009). This can be attributed to the responsibility, social isolation, physical fatigue, and financial burden experienced among unemployed mothers who are fully responsible for raising their children.…”

Section: Relationships Between Parenting Anxiety Number Of Childrencontrasting

confidence: 84%

How Parenting Anxiety, Number of Children, and Employment Status Affect the Parental Anger of Mothers with Young Children in Korea

정¹,

김²

2020

Korean J Child Stud

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Objectives: A difficulty in controlling anger causes dissonance and injury among members of society, and hence the healthy expression of anger by parents with young children is important to the community health of the future society. This study aimed to investigate relationships between parenting anxiety, the number of children in a family, maternal employment status, and the parental anger of mothers, in order to identify the main variables explaining parental anger. Methods: The participants were 219 mothers of young children residing in Korea. The results of the Likert self-report by mothers were analyzed using descriptive, correlation, and multiple regression statistics. Results: First, the more anxiety from parenting the mother experienced, the more anger as a parent they expressed. Also, the more children the mothers had, the higher levels of anger they experienced. Unemployed mothers experienced significantly more impulsive anger than their employed counterparts. Secondly, the number of children, maternal employment status, and three anxiety factors related to parenting efficacy, attachment with a child, and worries about a child explained parental anger. Conclusion: Mothers with young children in Korea are more likely to pursue a united relationship between mother and child, suggesting that parenting anxiety, number of children, and maternal employment are important factors in the psychological wellbeing of Korean mothers of preschool children. Considering the importance of healthy mother-child relations and young children's learning of anger expression for the formation of a healthy community, support is critical to strengthen mothers' competence to manage parenting anxiety and anger expression.

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Section: Relationships Between Parenting Anxiety Number Of Childrencontrasting

confidence: 84%

How Parenting Anxiety, Number of Children, and Employment Status Affect the Parental Anger of Mothers with Young Children in Korea

정¹,

김²

2020

Korean J Child Stud

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“…The process of maternal adaptation when a woman becomes a mother is described in the literature as a very challenging and complicated process [6,7]. Previous studies have demonstrated that working mothers suffer significantly more difficulties in maternal adaptation than non-employed mothers [8]. This is "double trouble" for working women, who have parenting stress at home adjusting to family life with a new child, as well as job stress from the workplace [A12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal adaptation of working mothers with infants or toddlers in South Korea: a systematic review

et al. 2021

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Background The fertility rate in South Korea has been decreasing dramatically, as working women postpone or avoid childbirth due to the challenges of maintaining a career while raising a family. Working mothers with infants or toddlers have unique maternal adaptation needs, which must be understood in order to support their needs during childbearing years. Supporting successful maternal adaptation of working mothers is not only essential for each individual new working mother, but also benefits her family, her workplace, and the country. Methods A systematic review was conducted to describe the current state of the science on maternal adaptation of working mothers with infants or toddlers in South Korea. Eligible studies, published between 2009 and 2018, were identified by searching electronic databases. Quantitative studies related to the maternal adaptation of Korean working mothers who had a child younger than age 3 years were included. 37 articles met the inclusion criteria for narrative analysis and synthesis. Results Studies were classified into 4 major groups by maternal adaptation categories as psychological, behavioral, relational, and cognitive adaptation. The majority of studies were focused on working mothers’ psychological adaptation (n = 36, 97.3%), followed by behavioral (n = 10, 27.0%), relational (n = 9, 24.3%), and cognitive (n = 3, 8.1%) adaptation. We found that maternal adaptation of working mothers was ultimately influenced by diverse variables within their communities, spousal and familial support, personal attributes, and job-related characteristics. Conclusions These findings demonstrate the importance of understanding variable aspects of maternal adaptation of working mothers with infants or toddlers. The complexity of working mothers’ needs at the individual, family, and community levels must be considered in order to develop effective intervention programs and public policy for supporting maternal adaptation in Korea.

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“…The process of maternal adaptation when woman becomes a mother is described in the literature as very challenging and complicated process [6,7]. Previous studies have demonstrated that working mothers suffer signi cantly more di culties in maternal adaptation than non-employed mothers [8]. This is "double trouble" for working women, who have parenting stress at home adjusting to family life with a new child, as well as job stress from the workplace [A13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Adaptation of Working Mothers with Infants or Toddlers in South Korea: A Systematic Review

Ahn

Roh

Kim

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: The fertility rate in South Korea has been decreasing dramatically, as working women postpone or avoid childbirth due to the challenges of maintaining a career while raising a family. Working mothers with infants or toddlers have unique maternal adaptation needs, which must be understood in order to support their needs during childbearing years. Supporting successful maternal adaptation of working mothers is not only essential for each individual new working mother, but also benefits her family, her workplace, and the country. Methods: A systematic review was conducted to describe the current state of the science on maternal adaptation of working mothers with infants or toddlers in South Korea. Eligible studies, published between 2009 and 2018, were identified by searching electronic databases. Quantitative studies related to the maternal adaptation of Korean working mothers who had a child younger than age 3 years were included. Thirty-eight articles met the inclusion criteria for narrative analysis and synthesis. Results: Studies were classified into four major groups by maternal adaptation categories as psychological, behavioral, relational, and cognitive adaptation. The majority of studies were focused on working mothers’ psychological adaptation (n=37, 97.4%), followed by behavioral (n=11, 28.9%), relational (n=9, 23.7%), and cognitive (n=3, 7.9%) adaptation. We found that the maternal adaptation of working mothers was intimately influenced by diverse variables of their community, spousal and familial support, personal attributes, and job-related characteristics. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate the importance of understanding variable aspects of maternal adaptation of working mothers with infants or toddlers. The complexity of working mothers’ needs at the individual, family, and community levels must be considered in order to develop effective intervention programs and public policy for supporting maternal adaptation in Korea.

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A Study on the Factors Related Parenting Stress of Employed and Unemployed Mothers with Preschoolers

Cited by 7 publications

References 21 publications

How Parenting Anxiety, Number of Children, and Employment Status Affect the Parental Anger of Mothers with Young Children in Korea

How Parenting Anxiety, Number of Children, and Employment Status Affect the Parental Anger of Mothers with Young Children in Korea

Maternal adaptation of working mothers with infants or toddlers in South Korea: a systematic review

Maternal Adaptation of Working Mothers with Infants or Toddlers in South Korea: A Systematic Review

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