A study on the effect of surface treatment of carbon nanotubes for liquid crystalline epoxide–carbon nanotube composites

Jang, Jyongsik; Bae, Joonwon; Yoon, Seong Ho

doi:10.1039/b212190e

Cited by 112 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The electrical conductivity of LCE/CNF composite was measured by standard four-probe method. [17] FTIR spectra were recorded on a Bomem MB 100 spectroscope (Quebec, Canada) in the absorption mode. The EDX was carried out on a JEOL JSM 5410 LV.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The electrical conductivity of CNF filled LCE composite was measured by a standard four-probe method. [17] As the amount of CNF increased, the electrical conductivity of CNF/LCE composite increased drastically. The conductivity pattern represented that the CNF/LCE composite shows percolation threshold behavior, which means that more electrical paths are generated with an increasing number of carbonized PAN nanofibers.…”

Section: Jyongsik Jang* and Joonwon Baementioning

confidence: 99%

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Fabrication of Polymer Nanofibers and Carbon Nanofibers by Using a Salt‐Assisted Microemulsion Polymerization

Jang¹,

Bae²

2004

Angew Chem Int Ed

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Among various types of nanomaterials, nanofibers have attracted much attention because of their intriguing chemical and physical properties.[1] The most widely used method for nanofiber preparation is template synthesis. This method involves the introduction of organic, inorganic, and metallic materials within channels of templates, such as silica, [2] anodic aluminum oxide, [3] zeolites, [4] and track-etched polycarbonates.[5] To date, microemulsion polymerization has been considered to be a facile process to produce polymer nanomaterials as reviewed by Antonietti and co-workers.[6] While nanoparticles, [7] hollow nanospheres, [8] and nanotubes [9] of several polymers were fabricated by using microemulsion polymerization, the synthesis of polymer nanofibers has not yet been performed. Herein, we report that novel polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers and carbon nanofibers with a high aspect ratio were fabricated by using a salt-assisted microemulsion polymerization. In this work, iron(iii) chloride (FeCl 3 ) was employed as a structure-directing agent, it forms a coordination-complex with PAN nanoparticles during polymer nanofiber formation, and it acts as a catalyst for the conversion of the polymer into the carbon nanofibers. Salt-assisted sphere-to-cylinder micelle transformation is the crucial step for nanofiber formation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first experimental evidence for the fabrication of carbon nanofibers derived from polymer nanofibers by using a salt-assisted microemulsion polymerization.The overall fabrication procedure is presented in Figure 1. In a typical procedure, a variable amount of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DoTAB) was magnetically stirred in 40 mL of distilled water at room temperature. Monomeric acrylonitrile (AN) was added dropwise to the micelle solution and monomers inside micelles were polymerized by using redox initiators, cerium sulfate and nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA). After 30 min of polymerization, iron(iii) chloride was introduced and the polymerization proceeded for an additional 4 h with magnetic stirring. The product was precipitated in methanol to remove surfactants and initiators.When surfactants are dissolved in water, spherical micelles form between CMC (CMC = critical micelle concentration, 0.016 m for DoTAB) and the concentration of transformation of sphere to cylinder (0.32 m for DoTAB). [10] After 30 min of polymerization, the size of PAN nanoparticles were approximately 20 nm (Figure 2 a). It was reported that Figure 1. The overall fabrication scheme for PAN nanofibers by using a salt-assisted microemulsion polymerization. Figure 2. a) TEM image of fabricated PAN nanoparticles. A surfactant, DoTAB was used for micelle formation and acrylonitrile monomer (1 g, 0.02 mol) was polymerized with initiators, cerium sulfate, and nitrilotriacetic acid; b) SEM image of fabricated PAN nanofibers. PAN nanofibers were obtained by addition of iron(iii) chloride (1.0 g, 6.2 mmol) in the middle of polymerization reaction. The inset shows the TEM image of t...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Jyongsik Jang* and Joonwon Baementioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Polymer Nanofibers and Carbon Nanofibers by Using a Salt‐Assisted Microemulsion Polymerization

Jang¹,

Bae²

2004

Angew Chem Int Ed

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“…[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] The effective utilization of nanotubes in composite applications depends strongly on the ability to disperse the CNTs homogeneously throughout the matrix without destroying the integrity of the CNTs. To achieve a more homogeneous dispersion of carbon nanotubes in polymer matrixes and to enhance polymer-carbon nanotube interfacial adhesion, the nanotubes are often functionalized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In some cases, the CNTs also improve the thermal stability and flame retardancy of the polymer. [10][11][12][13][14][15] Poly(propylene) (PP) used as a thermoplastic is widely used in many fields, such as in building materials and furniture and in the automobile and toy industries. However, its poor impact resistance, especially at low temperatures, considerably limits its applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Kinetic Study on the Thermal Degradation of Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes‐Reinforced Poly(propylene) Composites

Seo

Park

2004

Macro Materials & Eng

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Summary: The influence of the multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) content on the thermal degradation behavior of MWNTs‐reinforced poly(propylene) (PP) composites was investigated by using non‐isothermal thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Kinetic parameters of degradation were evaluated by using the Flynn‐Wall‐Ozawa iso‐conversional method and the pseudo first‐order method. As a result, compared with pristine PP, MWNTs‐PP nanocomposites have lower peak temperatures of degradation, narrower degradation temperature ranges and a higher amount of residual weight at the end of the degradation, which is likely to be a result of specific interactions between complimentary functional groups. The values of the reaction order of MWNTs‐PP nanocomposites determined by the Kissinger method are close to 1 in the non‐isothermal degradation process. There is a good correlation between the Ea in region II and the peak temperature of degradation for the composites.

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“…The particles can coalesce during continuous heating due to Ostwald ripening or surface migration [70][71][72], thus modifying the final distribution of catalyst particles. This process is strongly dependent on the heating time and gas environment [63,73,74], the thickness of the pristine catalytic layer [61,73,75,76] and its surface morphology [77]. In addition to this, the interaction with the material under the catalyst is of importance especially in the case of integration on the Si substrates.…”

Section: Catalysts In Chemical Vapor Deposition Of Carbon Nanotubesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of carbon nanotubes by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition in an atmospheric-pressure microwave torch

Zajı́čková

Jašek

Eliáš

et al. 2010

Pure and Applied Chemistry

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Abstract:There are many different techniques for the synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and plasma technologies experience a significant competitor in thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processes. A particular process is, therefore, selected according to the specific requirements of an application, which clearly differ for the development of composites as compared to nanoelectronics, field emission, displays, sensors, and the like. This paper discusses the method for the synthesis of CNTs using an atmospheric-pressure microwave (MW) torch. It was successfully applied in the fast deposition of multiwalled nanotubes (MWNTs) on a substrate without the necessity of any vacuum or heating equipment. Dense straight-standing nanotubes were prepared on Si substrates with and also without barrier SiO x layer. Therefore, it was possible to produce CNTs directly on conductive Si and to use them as an electron-emitting electrode of the gas pressure sensor. The CNTs grown in MW torch were also used to create a gas sensor based on the changes of electrical resistance measured between two planar electrodes connected by the CNTs.

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A study on the effect of surface treatment of carbon nanotubes for liquid crystalline epoxide–carbon nanotube composites

Cited by 112 publications

References 35 publications

Fabrication of Polymer Nanofibers and Carbon Nanofibers by Using a Salt‐Assisted Microemulsion Polymerization

Fabrication of Polymer Nanofibers and Carbon Nanofibers by Using a Salt‐Assisted Microemulsion Polymerization

A Kinetic Study on the Thermal Degradation of Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes‐Reinforced Poly(propylene) Composites

Synthesis of carbon nanotubes by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition in an atmospheric-pressure microwave torch

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