A study on the causes for the elevated n−3 fatty acids in cows' milk of alpine origin

Leiber, Florian; Kreuzer, Michael; Nigg, Daniel; Wettstein, H.-R.; Scheeder, M. R. L.

doi:10.1007/s11745-005-1375-3

Cited by 201 publications

(225 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(65 reference statements)

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“…Whether this limited effect is due to rapid depletion of reserves, complete metabolization of mobilized polyunsaturated FA or the lack of building reserves of these FA remains unclear. However, the hypothesis that 18:3n-3 in milk could be enhanced by FA composition of mobilized body lipids (Leiber et al, 2005) is not supported by this study.…”

Section: Carry-over Effects Of Pre-calving Fat Supplementation Into Lcontrasting

confidence: 91%

“…One reason hypothesized to be responsible for changes in milk polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) composition is a variation in the endogenous availability of FA reflected by increased levels of b-hydroxybutyrate and non-esterified FA (Leiber et al 2005) in the case of energy-deficient feeding regimes, which cause a negative energy balance. This may lead to body tissue mobilization (Leiber et al 2005(Leiber et al , 2006, which is expected from the study of Raclot (2003) to result in a preferable release of highly unsaturated FA compared with the saturated ones of the same chain-length.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This may lead to body tissue mobilization (Leiber et al 2005(Leiber et al , 2006, which is expected from the study of Raclot (2003) to result in a preferable release of highly unsaturated FA compared with the saturated ones of the same chain-length.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Colostrum and milk fatty acids of dairy cows as influenced by extruded linseed supplementation during the transition period

Santschi¹,

Wettstein²,

Leiber³

et al. 2009

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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M. 2009. Colostrum and milk fatty acids of dairy cows as influenced by extruded linseed supplementation during the transition period. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 89: 383Á392. The effects of precalving fat sources on fatty acid (FA) profile of colostrum and milk and on metabolic parameters in early lactation were determined. Two fat supplements (target: 21% fat, DM basis) fed at 1.8 kg DM d (1 were compared: Control (C; containing fractionated palm oil rich in 16:0) and Linseed (L; containing extruded linseed, rich in 18:3n-3). Sixteen dry Holstein (n07) and Brown Swiss (n 09) cows were assigned to four groups receiving the supplements from 5 wk pre-to 4 wk post-calving in different sequences: CC, CL, LC and LL. Treatments did not affect metabolic parameters, milk yield or composition. Linseed supplementation increased proportions of 18:0, 18:1, 18:2 and 18:3 in colostrum and milk (except 18:1 for colostrum). The highest n-3 FA proportion was observed in milk of LL cows. For most 16 and 18 FA, a fast response occurred within the first week of lactation for cows that switched treatments over calving. Carry-over to milk of 18:3 and its biohydrogenation products from linseed fed precalving was low. Pre-calving feeding strategies to favour incorporation of these FA into early lactation milk were not successful, but the reasons for this failure remain unclear.

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Section: Carry-over Effects Of Pre-calving Fat Supplementation Into Lcontrasting

confidence: 91%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Colostrum and milk fatty acids of dairy cows as influenced by extruded linseed supplementation during the transition period

Santschi¹,

Wettstein²,

Leiber³

et al. 2009

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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“…Due to the physical and chemical form of PUFA in the hay and to the possible oxidation during storage, part of this FA is saturated through rumen biohydrogenation, and the remaining amount is transferred to milk (Dewhurst et al 2002). The higher CLA content is related to desaturation at the mammary gland level of C18:1 n-7, which is one of the terminal products of rumen biohydrogenation (Leiber et al 2005). The results of this trial showed that GH-milk was characterized by higher contents of C18:3 n-3 and C18:0, whereas C18:1 n-7 was similar in both diets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between milk fatty acid composition and dietary roughage source in dairy cows

et al. 2010

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According to a 2×2 crossover design, 14 Holstein dairy cows were fed two isoenergetic diets based on either grass hay (GH) or maize silage (MS). Milk samples were collected during the third week of each period, and fatty acid (FA) profiles were analyzed using gas chromatography. The data obtained were subjected to ANOVA. Dietary treatment had no effect on either dry matter intake or milk yield. Milk from animals fed the GH-diet contained lower concentrations of saturated FAs (61.9 vs. 63.4% of total FAs; P<0.05) and higher levels of polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) (6.1 vs. 5.8; P<0.01). Feeding additional hay also increased conjugated linoleic acid and n-3 FA levels and decreased C16:0 levels. Increases in both PUFAs and n-3 FAs resulted in lower (P<0.01) atherogenic and thrombogenic indices in milk from animals fed the GH diet compared with those fed the MS diet. A complete substitution of GH for MS appeared to improve milk FA profiles, even using different types of concentrates to provide a balanced diet.

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“…The concentration of linoleic acid, C18:2n6 (LA), and that of alphalinolenic acid, C18:3n3 (ALA), is dependent on the diet, as these FA cannot be synthesized by the bovine metabolism (MacGibbon and Taylor, 2006). However, most of these fatty acids provided in the diet undergo bacterial modification in the rumen, depending on the feed matrix (Leiber et al, 2005), with LA being the main precursor of CLA. It has been suggested that if the levels of these FA could be increased, milk could be considered a functional food (Bauman and Griinari, 1999;Mattila-Sandholm and Saarela, 2003).…”

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confidence: 99%

Impact of crude protein content in silage and concentrate on protein and fatty acid profiles in bovine milk

Johansson¹,

Placha²,

Picková³

et al. 2013

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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ABSTRACT:Two concentrates, one protein-rich and one based on cereals, were combined with two silages with a crude protein content of 17 and 13% of dry matter (DM), respectively to give four different diets for dairy cows. Milk content of caseins (α S1 -, α S2 -, β-, and κ-casein) and whey proteins (α-lactalbumin (α-LA) and β-lactoglobulin (β-LG)) and the fatty acid profile of milk were analyzed before the start and on four occasions during the experiment. Milk analyses showed that diet had no influence on the protein profile of the milk. However, a significant increase of α-linolenic acid, 13 and 39%, was obtained on the high protein concentrate feed and on the silage higher in crude protein, respectively. Cows on the protein-rich concentrate diet increased the proportion of conjugated linoleic acid by 53%. Linoleic acid was not affected by the diet.Keywords: milk proteins; feed protein; clover; casein; CLA; α-linolenic acid; capillary electrophoresis The feeding regime for dairy cows differs between conventional and organic production. In organic production a higher percentage of roughage is required. In the rules for organic production within the European Union, roughage should represent at least 60% of the cow's diet with the exception of the first three months where 50% roughage is accepted (European Commission, 2008). Dairy producers also need to supply the cows with organically produced feed to fulfil the rules for organic production (European Commission, 2008). However, the amount of organically produced feed is limited on the market, resulting in increased interest in feed self-sufficiency on organic dairy farms. In addition, if organic dairy producers want to feed protein supplements, the supplements must also be organically produced, which increases the price of these products. Furthermore, supply of organic protein supplements on the market is limited, as is the choice of suitable protein feeds that can be organically produced on the dairy farm. It is therefore of great interest to investigate alternative feeding regimes without the use of protein concentrate supplements to evaluate effects on production parameters such as milk composition.High quality roughage combined with a concentrate consisting of only cereals could be an interesting feeding regime for organic dairy producers. This alternative feeding strategy is economically attractive since cereals can often be grown on the dairy farm. It is therefore important to evaluate the possibility of replacing protein concentrates to some extent with high-quality silage containing a high proportion of legumes such as clover (Rosati and Aumaitre, 2004). Earlier studies have shown that clover has a positive influence not only on feed intake, but also on milk yield (Bertilsson et al., 2002;Bertilsson and Murphy, 2003). It is well known that the fatty acid (FA) profile of milk can 305Czech J. Anim. Sci., 58, 2013 (7): 304-312 Original Paper be influenced by changes in the feed (Palmquist et al., 1993;Chilliard and Ferlay, 2004), while the total protein c...

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A study on the causes for the elevated n−3 fatty acids in cows' milk of alpine origin

Cited by 201 publications

References 42 publications

Colostrum and milk fatty acids of dairy cows as influenced by extruded linseed supplementation during the transition period

Colostrum and milk fatty acids of dairy cows as influenced by extruded linseed supplementation during the transition period

Relationship between milk fatty acid composition and dietary roughage source in dairy cows

Impact of crude protein content in silage and concentrate on protein and fatty acid profiles in bovine milk

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