A Study on the Adhesion of Styrene-Butadiene Rubber with Red Kaolinite on Aluminum Surface

Abstract

The shear stress, strain, and modulus of styrene-butadiene rubber adhesive with and without kaolinite additive were studied on the aluminum surfaces to know the convenience of it in aluminum industries. The adhesives were cured at temperature of 200°C for different curing times (10, 30, 40, and 50 min) with and without 50 wt% kaolinite additives. The result found was good adhesion for styrene butadiene rubber adhesive without kaolinite additive and very poor adhesion with kaolinite additive. It was found that the maximum shear stress of adhesive without kaolinite additive was 2.3 kN/m2 with elongation of 0.23% and modulus of 100 kN/m2 at curing temperature of 200°C for period of time of 40 min. From images of adhesives after breaking of samples, the adhesive without additives failed because both adhesion and the cohesive energies of adhesive were failure; meanwhile, the failure of adhesive with kaolinite additive was due to failure in cohesive energy only.

Upcycling poly(vinyl chloride) waste tubes: Studies of thermal stability and kinetics of films made of waste polyvinylchloride tube at the initial steps of degradation

“…The initial decomposition rate of wPVCf has the most common shape of a pseudo‐single acceleration type reaction rates obtained at a constant β byTGA. It is dissimilar to a complete thermal decomposition of PVC that shows two inflection point in its thermogram and two bell shape peaks on its derivative indicating its two steps decomposition process 23,25 …”

“…The kinetics of the thermal decomposition of wPVCf, which deals with the measurement and parameterization of the rates of weight loss originates by Equation : On heating wPVCf (Δ), the lower molecular mass compounds and adsorbed volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) were released following with decomposition and volatilization of the film. The rate of thermally stimulated decomposition weightloss processes (−dW/dt) expressed as derivative of TGA thermogram (−DTGA) of wPVCf initiated by the changes in temperature is parameterized by the extent of conversion (α), where (1−α) represents the residual amount of reactant, the mechanism of reaction represented as f (α) and a function of temperature (k(T)) in this case the Arrhenius rate constant as Equation 16,19,23,25,27,28,36 : where R = 8.314 J mol −1 K −1 is the universal gas constant and other symbols were defined previously. The decomposition mechanism involves several parallel and consecutive reactions that one of them is significantly slower than the others which determines the overall kinetics expressed by Equation .…”

“…On heating wPVCf (Δ), the lower molecular mass compounds and adsorbed volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) were released following with decomposition and volatilization of the film. The rate of thermally stimulated decomposition weightloss processes (ÀdW/dt) expressed as derivative of TGA thermogram (ÀDTGA) of wPVCf initiated by the changes in temperature is parameterized by the extent of conversion (α), where (1Àα) represents the residual amount of reactant, the mechanism of reaction represented as f(α) and a function of temperature (k (T)) in this case the Arrhenius rate constant as Equation 2 16,19,23,25,27,28,36 :…”

“…17 The kinetics and mechanism of the thermal decomposition of various resins, especially pure PVC, have been studied at varying levels of detail by numerous investigators. 2,6,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24] To the authors' knowledge, the stability of wPVC pipes at temperatures below 250 C has received little attention.…”

“…The kinetic study based on the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) data which measure the apparent mass loss of a sample over time and temperature fall into two categories 16,19,23,25 : (i) pseudo-multi-component overall models (PMOM) and (ii) pseudo-single-component overall models (PSOM), 26 which was used in this study. The latest method regards the wPVCf as a single, pseudo-component to describe its kinetics of weight loss in the overall temperature range by the uses of the solid-gas reaction models.…”