A Study on Spermatogenesis in Rats

Cutuly, Eugene

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1942.137.3.521

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Early experiments using extracts of male sex hormone (Walsh, Cuyler & McCullagh, 1934;Nelson & Gallagher, 1936) and later crystalline androgens (Nelson, 1937) demonstrated that spermatogenesis could be maintained in hypophysectomized adult animals if therapy was begun shortly after the operation. With the development of testosterone propionate for clinical use this synthetic steroid has been widely used as a reference androgen (Cutuly, Cutuly & McCullagh, 1938;Cutuly, 1942;Leathern, 1944;Bocca bella, 1963). Testosterone propionate rather than testosterone appears to have been used in all quantitative assessments of the role of the testicular hormone in germ cell development and in numerical comparisons of the relative effective¬ ness of other steroids (Clermont & Harvey, 1967;Harris & Bartke, 1975;Chowdhury, 1979;Chowdhury & Tcholakian, 1979).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A quantitative assessment of the gametogenic and androgenic properties of testicular steroids in hypophysectomized rats

Collins¹,

Tsang²

1985

Reproduction

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The ability of testicular steroids to maintain the quantitative aspects of spermatogenesis was compared with reference to their androgenic properties. Hypophysectomized rats were injected daily with 0.2 mg progesterone, 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone, 3 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20-one, testosterone or testosterone propionate for 30 days beginning 2 days after the operation. Testosterone propionate was the most potent steroid tested both in terms of its peripheral androgenic effects and its ability to prevent the post-operative decline in the weight of the testis and seminiferous tubules and the numbers of germ cells throughout their differentiation. The natural androgen, testosterone, exhibited weak gametogenic properties and only partly maintained the normal measures of spermatogenesis. Progesterone exhibited low intrinsic androgenic potency yet was significantly more effective than testosterone in maintaining spermatogenesis; it prevented the degeneration of spermatocytes during the later stages of meiotic prophase and the reduction divisions resulting in an increased yield of step 7 spermatids. Low androgenic and gametogenic properties were exhibited by 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone and 3 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20-one. These results may indicate that testosterone produced locally in the seminiferous tubules from progesterone is more effective in maintaining spermatogenesis than androgens entering from the circulation. Alternatively, progesterone may act more directly on the germ cells than previously envisaged.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A quantitative assessment of the gametogenic and androgenic properties of testicular steroids in hypophysectomized rats

Collins¹,

Tsang²

1985

Reproduction

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“…Cutuly and Cutuly [9] showed that spermatogenesis can be maintained in hypophysectomized rats with testosterone propionate. The testes of the hypophysectomized testosterone-injected animals did not differ histologically from those of the normal controls.…”

Section: Ejfeds O F Gonadotropic Deprivation On the First Wave O F Spmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Effects of Antibodies to Gonadotropins With colour plate I

Eshkol¹,

Lunenfeld²

1971

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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Some of the contradictory postulates regarding gonadotropin action in infancy were reexamined. For the deprivation of newborn animals of endogenous gonadotropins, antiserum neutralizing theese hormones was administered from birth on. Using this approach it was elucidated that, even during the first week of life, gonadotropins stimulate development of ovarian somatic elements and are indispensable for this process. In the absence of the stimulatory action of endogenous gonadotropins, the normal ovarian development taking place during the first and second week of life was markedly altered and retarded. This was mainly evident from the reduction in the number of follicles which developed, the change in the appearance and ultrastructure of granulosa cells, the deficiency of thecal and of vascular development. That the observed alterations were due specifically to gonadotropin deprivation was proven by the fact that these alterations were prevented by the administration of human gonadotropins to mice deprived of endogenous gonadotropins. Substitution with human gonadotropins permitted the elucidation of the respective role of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and FSH plus luteinizing hormone (LH) in the development of the infantile ovary. This was achieved by the use of HMG and of a biologically ‘pure FSH’ which was obtained by the neutralization of the LH activity present in HMG. FSH was found to be primarily responsible for the stimulation of granulosa cell proliferation, organization and structure. FSH plus LH, in addition to the FSH effects, initiated secretory activity of granulosa cells, increase in intrafollicular spaces, antrum formation, enrichment and maintenance of the theca layer and development of the vascular system. At the age of 14 days, the administration of HMG to gonadotropin-deprived animals even enhanced some of the developmental phases beyond that observed in ovaries of control animals at the same age. Oocyte growth seems to be independent of gonadotropins since it was similar in all experimental groups. The functional integrity of the growing oocytes in gonadotropin-deprived animals could not be assessed in this study.

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Local maintenance of spermatogenesis by intratesticularly implanted pellets of testosterone in hypophysectomized rats

Dvoskin

1944

Am. J. Anat.

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The maintenance of spermatogenesis in hypophysectomized rats by means of the injection of androgen in oil was first reported by Wdsh, Cuyler and McCullagh in 1934. I n these experiments, spermatogenesis was maintained for 20 days by the daily injection of an extract of male urine. This finding was confirmed by Nelson and Gallagher ('36) who extended the period of maintenance to 39 days. Nelson ('3'7) obtained maintenance for 60 days, and later ('40) for 178 days. The animals sired litters during the latter part of the period of treatment. From control experiments in which it was found that fertility persisted in androgen-treated hypophysectoinized animals longer than did motility of sperm in androgen-treated castrates, Nelson ( '37) demonstrated that the androgen injections caused a true maintenance of spermatogenesis, not merely the prolongation of the life of the sperm which were present at the time of hypophysectomy.The injection of a large number of synthetic androgens which have not been found to occur in nature, as well as crystal-Foundation. of Philosophy, in the Faculty of Pure Science, Columbia University. 'Aided by a grant, administered by Dr. P. E. Smith, from the Rockefeller * Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor TABLr; 1-Absolute and relative weights of ventral prostates and seminal vesicles of hypophysectomiaed (Hypx.), crnoperated normal and castrute rats. One group of hypophysoctomi2ed rats was untreated; the others, at the t h e the hypophysis was ablated, received implants of pellets which contained various percentages of testosterone. Autopsie8 were performed 20 days later except for the last two groups which were autopsied after 40 days. Relative Hypx.contr. = 11.00

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A Study on Spermatogenesis in Rats

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

A quantitative assessment of the gametogenic and androgenic properties of testicular steroids in hypophysectomized rats

A quantitative assessment of the gametogenic and androgenic properties of testicular steroids in hypophysectomized rats

Biological Effects of Antibodies to Gonadotropins With colour plate I

Local maintenance of spermatogenesis by intratesticularly implanted pellets of testosterone in hypophysectomized rats

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