A Study on Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) Due to Non-Ionizing Radiation from Wireless/Telecommunication in Bangladesh

Hoque, Ashraful

doi:10.11648/j.ajpa.20130103.18

Cited by 17 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…This method lacks its flexibility due to solving the partial differential equations. Fazlul et al 3 also observed the temperature rise in the eyes due to RF exposure analyzed in Bangladesh and did a survey. Jais et al 29 investigated the metal frame characteristics in the front face and projected the increase in SAR.…”

Section: Eyesmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Investigation and reduction methods of specific absorption rate for biomedical applications: A survey

Priyadarshini

Hemanth

2017

Int J RF Microw Comput Aided Eng

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Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) is an inevitable parameter to be considered for various RF dosimetry evaluations in the field of biomedical engineering. There is a much concern in exposure studies as they have a significant impact on the social and health issues in the recent global community. SAR measures the absorption of electromagnetic radiation of RF from devices in an exposure area. The significance of SAR parameter has been awakened in broad areas of technology and even considered in the design of radiating structures from biomedical devices such as MRI to also popular mobile phones. Researchers have explicated the constant interaction of electromagnetic field interactions with biological systems. The advancements in technology pose a grave concern about the impact on human health. This paper intends to undertake an extensive survey of the various current investigations done with SAR in different scenarios with possible radiating structures and also focus on exposure areas on the human body. The SAR depends on estimation parameters that are analyzed and discussed. Further, the paper will analyze comparatively the facets of implied Methodologies in SAR computation. The parametric evaluation of SAR paves the way for a requirement reduction of SAR parameter. The paper discusses current reduction methodologies and its primary advantages and details possible setbacks. The analysis indicates a requirement of the specific radiation structure for a particular area of exposure of concern, followed by a need of ideal reduction methodology.

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Section: Eyesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The hazardous estimation of radio frequency was studied. Muzaffar 2 and Fazlul et al 3 investigated the SAR with a human head and suggested the safety aspects for usage of handheld devices. SAR estimation includes parameters of how quantifiable the value can be estimated and expressed on different levels of peak or limited equivalents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation and reduction methods of specific absorption rate for biomedical applications: A survey

Priyadarshini

Hemanth

2017

Int J RF Microw Comput Aided Eng

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“…The SAR values were calculated for the human brain, eye and nerves for both the workers of all Bangladeshi mobile operator and general public. Result showed that among these three tissues, the SAR is lowest for nerves and higher for eyes [22]. Based on Bangladesh perspective an empirical analysis has been done on calculating the safety limit of three human tissues; such as brain, Muscle and skin.…”

Section: Litereture Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As recently the ratio of establishing cell phone tower in the residential area is increasing simultaneously and sometimes, coverage region of these waves incorporates human creatures very closely, particularly when the tower is arranged on the rooftop. In Bangladesh, the cell tower antenna is produced on the basis of three frequency range; such as 900MHz, 1800MHz and 2100MHz for providing up to 4G services by different operators [22]. So, it is indeed needed to know how the radiation is affecting the different tissues of the human body.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Cellular Tower Radiation towards Human Tissues at Bangladesh Context

Rabeya,

Khatun,

Hossain

2020

IJEAT

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With the rapid technological advancement the increasing cell phone dependency has led to set up cellular towers in numerous communities. These towers are known as base stations, have antennas and electronic equipment that transmit and receive RF (radio-frequency) signals. Various experimental and epidemiological analysis have been done for searching the potential effect of BTS (Base Transceiver Station) establishment in residential areas and result shows significant health issues, as the RF radiation can mess with the human body’s own EMFs. Therefore, for ensuring public safety it is essential to ascertain the minimum safe distance of establishing BTSs from locality. In this calculation based empirical work, on the basis of SAR (Specific Absorption Rate) mentioned by the World Health Organization, we have analyzed and proposed the minimum reasonable distance of nine major human tissues for being affected by the radiation. This analysis has been done at different frequency bands based on a specific type of antenna at Bangladesh context.

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“…So, to maintain the standards we need to adjust the reference power values. The SAR calculation are carried out in the commercial software CST 2014 [25]. In three-layer phantom model has three different relative permittivity's and conductivities noted in table 2 the SAR values mainly depends on the two aspects one is distance between the human model and skin layer and the frequency of operation of the antenna.…”

Section: On Body Placementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and analysis of dual band implantable DGS antenna for medical applications

2019

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An implantable antenna is designed for body area network, industrial scientific and medical applications with low specific absorption rate (SAR). The proposed antenna with defected ground structure (DGS) is designed on the FR4 substrate as well as on polyimide substrate. The designed antenna providing dual band characteristics at (Industrial scientific and medical) ISM band of 2.5 GHz and location application for emergency services (LAES) band at 4.2 GHz. The electromagnetic radiation is evaluated using the specific absorption rate in three layered phantom models and the SAR values of the antenna are evaluated by placing the antenna at different levels. The antenna distance is varied inside the skin layer to 5 mm away from the threelayered model and observed the reduction in SAR, when moving away from skin tissue. The observed value of SAR satisfies the IEEE-C95-1-2005 standards at ISM operating band. The proposed antenna is tested on threelayered phantom model in simulation through HFSS and in the real time on artificial layers with the help of combinational analyzer (CNA) connection.

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A Study on Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) Due to Non-Ionizing Radiation from Wireless/Telecommunication in Bangladesh

Cited by 17 publications

References 4 publications

Investigation and reduction methods of specific absorption rate for biomedical applications: A survey

Investigation and reduction methods of specific absorption rate for biomedical applications: A survey

Effect of Cellular Tower Radiation towards Human Tissues at Bangladesh Context

Design and analysis of dual band implantable DGS antenna for medical applications

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