A Study on Reduction of Copper Smelting Slag by Carbon for Recycling into Metal Values and Cement Raw Material

Wang, Jei-Pil; Erdenebold, U.

doi:10.3390/su12041421

Cited by 34 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Results reveal the amorphous nature with no distinct peaks (Figure 2b). A few ferrous peaks such as fayalite (2FeO•SiO2) and magnetite (Fe3O4) can be observed, and the same has been reported in previous studies [63,64].…”

Section: Copper Slagsupporting

confidence: 88%

Development of High-Strength Geopolymer Concrete Incorporating High-Volume Copper Slag and Micro Silica

Arunachelam¹,

Maheswaran

Chellapandian³

et al. 2022

Sustainability

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The present work investigates the mechanical and chemical characteristics and durability of high-strength geopolymer concrete (HSGPC) developed using high-volume copper slag and micro silica. The objective of the study was to explore the feasibility of deploying high-volume copper slag as a replacement for river sand in the fabrication of high-strength geopolymer concrete. In total, 11 different trials were cast by varying copper slag up to 100% as a potential alternative for the river sand. The mixture of alkaline activators for the preparation of the geopolymer concrete (GPC), such as sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) and sodium hydroxide (12 M NaOH), was used in the ratio 2.5:1. The optimum mix was selected from different copper slag dosages based on the characteristics of the HSGPC, such as mechanical strength and workability. For the selected optimized mix, micro silica was added up to 5% by volume of the binder (i.e., 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5%) to improve the particle packing density of the developed HSGPC mix which in turn further enhances the strength and durability properties. Two different curing methods, including (a) ambient curing and (b) steam curing at 80 °C, were deployed for achieving the polymerization reaction (i.e., the formation of Na-Al-Si-H gel). Experimental outcomes reveal a maximum compressive strength of 79.0 MPa when 2% micro silica was added to the optimized GPC mix. In addition to the mechanical tests, the quality of the developed HSGPC was assessed using the ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) tests, water-absorption tests, sorptivity tests and microstructural analyses.

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Section: Copper Slagsupporting

confidence: 88%

Development of High-Strength Geopolymer Concrete Incorporating High-Volume Copper Slag and Micro Silica

Arunachelam¹,

Maheswaran

Chellapandian³

et al. 2022

Sustainability

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“…The iron content in CS is sometimes more than that in the parent ore due to the concentration of iron over years of disposal [67]. The iron content in copper slag generated by pyrometallurgical processes is approximately 35% to 45% according to [68]. The iron content found in BCL copper slag that can be recovered is 35.4% [69].…”

Section: Reuse and Recycling Of Copper Slagmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and Socioeconomic Impact of Copper Slag—A Review

et al. 2021

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Copper slag is generated when copper and nickel ores are recovered from their parent ores using a pyrometallurgical process, and these ores usually contain other elements which include iron, cobalt, silica, and alumina. Slag is a major problem in the metallurgical industries as it is dumped into heaps which have accumulated into millions of tons over the years. Moreover, they pose a danger to the environment as they occupy vacant land (space problems). Over the past few years, studies have been conducted to investigate the copper slag-producing outlets to learn their behavior, as well as properties of slag, to have the knowledge of how to better reuse and recycle copper slag. This review article provides the environmental and socioeconomic impacts of slag, as well as a characterization of copper slag, with the aim of reusing and recycling the slag to benefit the environment and economy. Recycling methods are considered an attractive technological pathway for reducing waste and greenhouse gas emissions, as well as promoting the concept of circular economy through the utilization of waste. These metal elements have value depending on their characteristics; hence, copper slag is considered as a secondary source of valuable metals. Some of the pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical processes to consider are physical separation, magnetic separation, flotation, leaching, and direct reduction roasting of iron (DRI). Some of the possible metals that can be recovered from the copper slag include Cu, Fe, Ni, Co, and Ag (precious metals).

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“…Extensive research has been carried out in order to maximize the recovery of valuable metals from CS. In general, the methods for copper recovery from slags can be classified into three categories, namely physical separation (flotation, magnetic separation); pyrometallurgy (roasting); and hydrometallurgy (leaching) (Guo, Zhu, Pan, Wu, and Zhang, 2016;Wang and Erdenebold, 2020).…”

Section: Background For the Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper Recovery Through Smelter Slag Flotation in Atacama, Chile: An Industrial Case Study

et al. 2021

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Copper slag flotation was studied on an industrial scale at a concentrator plant in the region of Atacama, Chile. This study consisted of the physical, chemical, and mineralogical characterization of the copper slag, along with preliminary flotation tests. This article focuses on industrial flotation, which consisted of two oneyear campaigns (2016 and 2017). The first campaign was carried out using an existing copper slag flotation circuit in the plant. During the second campaign (2017), a circuit for sulfide ore flotation with an additional columnar flotation cleaning stage was evaluated. Results showed an improvement in metallurgical parameters on the second campaign (including improvements in processing capacity, concentrate copper grade, and metallurgical recovery). From the industrial copper slag flotation campaigns, it was concluded that it is possible to obtain a commercialquality copper concentrate, suitable for further processing in a copper smelter. This mitigates certain environmental impacts of copper processing.

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A Study on Reduction of Copper Smelting Slag by Carbon for Recycling into Metal Values and Cement Raw Material

Cited by 34 publications

References 21 publications

Development of High-Strength Geopolymer Concrete Incorporating High-Volume Copper Slag and Micro Silica

Development of High-Strength Geopolymer Concrete Incorporating High-Volume Copper Slag and Micro Silica

Environmental and Socioeconomic Impact of Copper Slag—A Review

Copper Recovery Through Smelter Slag Flotation in Atacama, Chile: An Industrial Case Study

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