A Study on Otorhinolaryngological Presentations in Covid 19 Patients in a Tertiary Health Care Center

Abstract

Corona virus also known as 2019 novel corona virus, a single stranded positive sense RNA virus is the causative agent of COVID 19 disease. It mainly spreads via the respiratory route by means of aerosols. The objectives of our study were. To know the prevalence of ENT presentations in COVID 19 patients and to know the relationship between the symptoms and category of the disease as well as to know the relation between the blood group and recovery from the disease. The first 500 patients who were tested positive for COVID 19 and getting treated in our hospital were included in the study after taking written informed consent from the patients who were willing to participate in the study. A detailed history was taken from all the patients and more stress was given on the ENT symptoms with respect to its onset, duration and time taken for the relief of symptoms. The ENT symptoms were compared with the category of the disease as well as the blood group of the patients. Statistical analysis was done using Chi square test and Statistical Package for Social Sciences [SPSS] for Windows Version 22.0 Released 2013. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp., was used to perform statistical analyses. In our study 310 (62.0%) were males and 190 (38.0%) patients were females (38%), of age group ranging from 2 years to 87 years. In our study 367 (73.3%) patients were symptomatic and the rest 133 (26.6%) were asymptomatic. There were 335 (67.0%) patients in category A, 140 (28.0%) in category B and 25 (5.0%) in category C. The most common ENT presentation was headache and its prevelance was more in category C and it was of statistical significance. On comparing the blood group and the ENT symptoms occurrence of sore throat was of statistical significance and its prevelance was more among the O blood group patients. In terms of recovery from the disease the patients with blood group O had good recovery rate. Covid 19 pandemic is still an on going problem and newer strains of the virus are arising as well hence. In our study we found out that isolated ENT symptoms such as aguesia and anosmia were the only presentation of the disease. Thus they can be considered as early marker of the disease and it will be helpful in early detection and isolation of the patient as well as prevention of further spread of the disease.

The D614G Virus Mutation Enhances Anosmia in COVID-19 Patients: Evidence from a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Studies from South Asia

“…These 40 studies (reporting on 43 cohorts) were subjected to a meta-analysis (Table ). Fifteen studies reported anosmia prevalence in 18 cohorts with a total of 7247 COVID-19 patients from regions where the D614 virus was dominant: three studies from Kuwait or Singapore − and 12 from India or Pakistan. − We compared such data with the results obtained in 25 studies reporting on 25 cohorts with a total of 9626 South Asian patients from the Indian subcontinent (India and Bangladesh) and Oman, when the G614 virus had become dominant (Table , illustrated in Figure A and B). ,− The differences in results between the two types of cohorts are shown in the forest plots (Figure A). The pooled prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in the same ethnicity (South Asians) in regions with D614 predominance was 5.33% (95% confidence interval, CI = 3.52–8.00%), while in regions with G614 predominance, it was 31.79% (95% CI = 23.26–41.76%) (Figure A, C).…”

The D614G virus mutation enhances anosmia in COVID-19 patients: Evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies from South Asia

“…Fifteen studies reported anosmia prevalence in eighteen cohorts with a total of 7,247 COVID-19 patients from regions where the D614 virus was dominant: three studies from Kuwait and Singapore [42][43][44] and twelve from India or Pakistan. [45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56] We compared such data with the results obtained in 25 studies reporting on 25 cohorts with a total of 9,626 South Asian patients from the Indian subcontinent (India and Bangladesh) and Oman, when the G614 virus had become dominant (Table 1, illustrated in Fig. 3A, B).…”

Study of Otorhinolaryngological Manifestations in Symptomatic COVID-19-Positive Patients at Tertiary Health Care Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…Our study reflected a similar pattern, as patients across all age groups were affected, with a higher incidence observed among individuals aged 20 to 40 years. 14 Similarly, in the present study, the sample consisted of 68% (937) male and 32% (438) female patients. The age distribution included 6.6% (91) below 25 years, 6% (183) between 26 and 35 years, 19.7% (272) between 36 and 45 years, 31.7% (436) between 46 and 55 years, 10.5% (145) between 56 and 65 years, 14% (192) between 66 and 75 years, and 4% (56) above 75 years old.…”