A Study on Melt Flow Index on Copper-ABS for Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Feedstock

Isa, Noor Mu'izzah Ahmad; Sa’ude, Nasuha; Ibrahim, Mustaffa; Hamid, Saiful Manar; Kamarudin, K.

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.773-774.8

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The addition of these composites allows for the increase in the melt viscosity allowing layering of the materials as it exits the nozzle. The melt viscosity of the materials plays a large role in the dimensional accuracy and layer resolution of the printed part . The layer integration of each layer is affected due to the particulates disrupting chain entanglement.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The melt viscosity of the materials plays a large role in the dimensional accuracy and layer resolution of the printed part. 44 The layer integration of each layer is affected due to the particulates disrupting chain entanglement. The addition of composites has also been used in conjunction with PLA using natural fibers such as enzymedigested cellulose and wood pulp.…”

Section: D Printing Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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3D Printing of Green and Renewable Polymeric Materials: Toward Greener Additive Manufacturing

Guggenbiller

Brooks

King

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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There is an ever-growing push toward sustainability and green manufacturing in a wide array of industries, especially 3D printing, which is now recognized as a viable manufacturing method. The number of studies focusing on leveraging additive manufacturing of natural products continues to grow, with key areas of interest including exciting chemistries or modifications of natural products toward 3D printable materials, advancements in prototypes or products by changing feedstocks to green or bioderived alternatives, and the introduction of added functionalities or properties. This includes concepts such as processing natural or bioderived polymers into filament for extrusion-based 3D printing, the design of photopolymer resins and inks for vat photopolymerizations, jet printing, or direct ink writing processes, and the use of powders for selective laser sintering. The strategies employed to achieve materials suitable for 3D printing, the physical properties of the materials, and the resultant applications including strengths and limitations, will be explored in this review. Overall, the advancements in the field are leading to future opportunities in biomaterials and medical devices, electronics and batteries, and environmental remediation and water purification.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: D Printing Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printing of Green and Renewable Polymeric Materials: Toward Greener Additive Manufacturing

Guggenbiller

Brooks

King

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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“…From the point of view of the material, the acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) is known for its excellent mechanical and impact strengths, dimensional stability, good chemical resistance, low water absorption and high filling capacity, arising as a popular thermoplastic material of choice for FDM applications as it offers satisfactory processability and a relatively low melting temperature [5,[26][27][28][29]. The manufacturing of ABS composites through additive manufacturing (AM) techniques, such as FDM, has been demonstrated [30][31][32][33][34], and melt flow index (MFI) analysis has been a popular testing choice to evaluate the flow behaviour trends of ABS composites developed for 3D printing [35][36][37][38][39][40][41]. Isa et al (2015) [35] and Sa'ude et al (2016) [36] studied the behaviour of ABS/copper composites, and Kumar et al (2019) [38] carried out similar work on ABS/aluminium composites, with all of them targeting the development of materials for extrusion-based AM processes; nonetheless, their results indicated that the filler has distinct effects on MFI depending on its content, suggesting that there would be no direct dependence between the loading content and MFI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The manufacturing of ABS composites through additive manufacturing (AM) techniques, such as FDM, has been demonstrated [30][31][32][33][34], and melt flow index (MFI) analysis has been a popular testing choice to evaluate the flow behaviour trends of ABS composites developed for 3D printing [35][36][37][38][39][40][41]. Isa et al (2015) [35] and Sa'ude et al (2016) [36] studied the behaviour of ABS/copper composites, and Kumar et al (2019) [38] carried out similar work on ABS/aluminium composites, with all of them targeting the development of materials for extrusion-based AM processes; nonetheless, their results indicated that the filler has distinct effects on MFI depending on its content, suggesting that there would be no direct dependence between the loading content and MFI. However, only knowing a material's MFI is insufficient to process it, since this type of measurement represents the flow of a material under the pressure applied during its testing, and it does not encompass considerations due to shear conditions a polymer chain will be subjected to as it undergoes the processing stage [42][43][44].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheological Behaviour of ABS/Metal Composites with Improved Thermal Conductivity for Additive Manufacturing

Moritz,

Prévost,

Crespo

et al. 2023

Designs

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Metal-reinforced polymer composites are suitable materials for applications requiring special thermal, electrical or magnetic properties. Three-dimensional printing technologies enable these materials to be quickly shaped in any design directly and without the need for expensive moulds. However, processing data correlating specific information on how the metal particles influence the rheological behaviour of such composites is lacking, which has a direct effect on the processability of these composites through melt processing additive manufacturing. This study reports the compounding and characterisation of ABS composites filled with aluminium and copper particulates. Experimental results demonstrated that the tensile modulus increased with the incorporation of metal particles; however, there was also an intense embrittling effect. Mechanical testing and rheological analysis indicated poor affinity between the fillers and matrix, and the volume fraction proved to be a crucial factor for complex viscosity, storage modulus and thermal conductivity. However, a promising set of properties was achieved, paving the way for polymer–metal composites with optimised processability, microstructure and properties in melt processing additive manufacturing.

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“…Novel PLA and ABS filaments are the most commonly used FDM materials. In addition, they have been used as core materials [ 5 , 10 , 11 , 12 ] and also composites [ 13 ]. Their good properties for FDM are low melting temperature, good flow, and rather good mechanical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proper Blends of Biodegradable Polycaprolactone and Natural Rubber for 3D Printing

et al. 2020

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Flexible thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) were prepared for fused deposition modeling (FDM) or 3D printing. These materials can be used for medical purposes such as disposable soft splints and other flexible devices. Blends of 50% epoxidized natural rubber (ENR-50) and block rubber (Standard Thai Rubber 5L (STR5L)) with polycaprolactone (PCL) were produced and compared. The purpose of this study was to investigate the properties of natural rubber (NR) and PCL in simple blends with PCL contents of 40%, 50%, and 60% by weight (except at 75% for morphology study) in the base mixture (NR/PCL). The significant flow factors for FDM materials, such as melting temperature (Tm) and melt flow rate (MFR), were observed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and via the melt flow index (MFI). In addition, the following mechanical properties were also determined: tensile strength, compression set, and hardness. The results from DSC showed that the melting temperature changed slightly (1–2 °C) with amount of PCL used, and there was a suspicious point in the 50/50 blends with both types of rubber. The lowest melting enthalpy of both blends was found at the 50/50 blended composition. The MFI results showed that PCL significantly affected the melt flow rate of both blends. The ENR-50/PCL blend flowed better than the STR5L/PCL blend. The conclusion was that this was due to the morphology of its phase structure having better uniformity than that of the STR5L/PCL blend. In compression set testing or measuring shape recovery, rubber directly influenced the recovery in all blends. The ENR-50/PCL blend had less recovery than the STR5L/PCL blend, probably due to the functional effects of epoxide groups and polarity mismatch. The hard phase PCL significantly affected the hardness of samples but improved shape recovery of the material. The ENR-50/PCL blend had better tensile properties than the STR5L/PCL blend. The elongation at break of both blends improved with a high rubber content. Hence, the ENR-50/PCL blend was superior to STR5L/PCL for printing purposes due to its better miscibility, uniformity, and flow, which are the keys to success for optimizing the fused deposition modeling conditions as well as the overall mechanical properties of products. Most blends in this study were only slightly different, but the 50/50 blend of ENR-50/PCL seemed to be near optimal for 3D printing.

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A Study on Melt Flow Index on Copper-ABS for Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Feedstock

Cited by 12 publications

References 7 publications

3D Printing of Green and Renewable Polymeric Materials: Toward Greener Additive Manufacturing

3D Printing of Green and Renewable Polymeric Materials: Toward Greener Additive Manufacturing

Rheological Behaviour of ABS/Metal Composites with Improved Thermal Conductivity for Additive Manufacturing

Proper Blends of Biodegradable Polycaprolactone and Natural Rubber for 3D Printing

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