A study on ionic diffusion towards self-affine fractal electrode by cyclic voltammetry and atomic force microscopy

Theoretical approach to cell-impedance-controlled lithium transport through Li1−δMn2O4 film electrode with partially inactive fractal surface by analyses of potentiostatic current transient and linear sweep voltammogram

“…All the log I p versus log ν curve showed the linearity with a constant slope in the region of ν higher than characteristic scan rate ν ch , which characterises the growth rate of diffusion layer during the potential scan [26,27]. In particular, the relationship between log I p and log ν determined from the totally active electrode obviously satisfied the generalised diffusioncontrolled Randles-Sevčik behaviour [8,10,[12][13][14]:…”

“…Especially, mass transport towards the irregular interface in the electrochemical system has extensively been studied by potentiostatic current transient technique [4][5][6][7][8][9], linear sweep voltammetry [8,[10][11][12][13][14] and ac-impedance spectroscopy [15][16][17][18]. When mass transport is purely controlled by the diffusion process, the electrochemical responses at the irregular interface obey the generalised forms [8] of the Cottrell, Randles-Sevčik and Warburg relation.…”

The cell-impedance-controlled lithium transport through LiMn2O4 film electrode with fractal surface by analyses of ac-impedance spectra, potentiostatic current transient and linear sweep voltammogram

“…The topographic image data were converted into ASCII data which were then analysed by the triangulation method to determine the apparent self-similar fractal dimensions d F,ss of the films. This method is performed for the film surfaces in the following manner [16,[32][33][34]: the square (x,y) plane with a size L 2 is first divided into N 2 equal segments, and then the electrode surface is covered by 2N 2 triangles with projected triangle size TS (=L/N). The scaled surface area SSA is estimated to be the sum of the areas of all the 2N 2 triangles.…”

“…In the theoretical and experimental works on atomic/ionic diffusion towards a self-affine fractal surface from our laboratory [16,32,34], however, it was proposed that the diffusing atoms/ions sense self-similar scaling property of the self-affine fractal surface due to their random motion in all directions. Therefore, we estimated the self-similar fractal dimension d F,ss of the self-affine fractal surfaces using the triangulation method [34][35][36][37].…”

“…Especially, mass transport towards and from the rough interface in the electrochemical system has extensively been studied by potentiostatic current transient technique [2,7,[11][12][13][14], linear sweep/cyclic voltammetry [2,7,9,15,16], and ac-impedance spectroscopy [17][18][19]. It is well known that when mass transport is purely controlled by the diffusion reaction in the electrode or electrolyte, the electrochemical responses at the rough interface obey the generalised forms [7] of the Cottrell relation, the Randles-Sevčik relation and the Warburg relation.…”