A Study on Inhibitory Activities on Carbohydrase and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Hot-Water and Ethanol Extracts from Immature Dried Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia L.)

Ultrasound-Assisted Extractions for Improving the Recovery of Phenolics and Charantin from Bitter Melon and for Increasing the Antioxidant, Antidiabetic and Anti-Obesity Activities of Its Extracts

“…These results of antioxidant activity was very high compared to that reported by Aljohi et al [2016], who found that the DPPH radical scavenging activity of bitter melon extract was 50% at a concentration of 15 mg/mL. Nam & Kim [2015] reported that the ethanolic extract of dried unripe bitter melon demonstrated higher DPPH radical scavenging ability than the hot water extract at all tested concentrations, which was consistent with the results of this study.…”

“…These results were higher than those reported by Kang et al [2018], who found that α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of hot water and ethanolic extracts from bitter melon were 29.65% and 66.88%, respectively, at a concentration of 2.5 mg/mL. In turn, Nam & Kim [2015] reported that the ethanolic extract obtained from immature dried bitter melon demonstrated significantly higher α-glucosidase inhibitory activity than the hot water extract, which was consistent with the results of the present study. These results demonstrate that the antidiabetic activity of bitter melon extracts was correlated with TPC, suggesting that the TPC may have a significant effect on the antidiabetic activity.…”

“…Intestinal α-glucosidase is a membrane-bound enzyme located in the epithelium of the small intestine and breaks down starch and disaccharides into absorbable monosaccharides [Patel & Ghane, 2021]. For the treatment of diseases, such as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and hyperglycemia, in which carbohydrate metabolism does not proceed normally and is manifested by high blood sugar, due to insulin resistance, it is necessary to control the digestion and absorption of sugar [Nam & Kim, 2015]. Blood glucose is regulated when the activity of enzymes, which play an important role in carbohydrate digestion, is inhibited, and the breakdown and absorption of starch entering the body through meals decreases, causing the amount of glucose released into the blood to decrease [Kajaria et al, 2013].…”

Antioxidant, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activities of bitter melon extracts obtained by ultrasonic-assisted extraction

“…여주(Momordica charantia L.)는 아시아, 아마존, 동 아프리카와 카리브 지역의 열대에서 서식하는 1년생 박목, 박과의 덩굴성 한해살이 풀로서 쓴맛을 가지고 있어 고과 또는 bitter melon이라고 불린다 (Jia 등, 2017). 여주는 스 테롤 배당체, 아미노산, 사포닌, 알칼로이드, 비타민 C, 미 네랄 및 β-carotene 등 여러 가지 생리활성 물질들과 flavan-3-ol 유도체 및 phenolic acids 등의 항산화 성분 을 함유하고 있다(Nam과 Kim, 2015). 특히 과실과 종자 에 주로 함유되어 있는 charantin은 췌장의 베타세포에 작 용하여 인슐린의 분비를 촉진함으로써 혈당 강화 효과를 가 지는 것으로 알려져 있다 (Grover와 Yadav, 2004).…”