A study on influence of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) on green gram (Vigna radiata L.) and earthworm (Eudrilus eugeniae L.)

Abstract

Nanoparticles usage are now emerging as hazardous nanopollutants due to inappropriate usage and improper disposal. Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) is a widely used nanoparticle with various applications. In this study, SPIONs was evaluated for its impact against Vigna radiata and Eudrilus eugeniae. SPIONs were synthesized by chemical co-precipitation method in presence of cobalt chloride. The produced SPIONs was characterized using UV-Visible Spectroscopy, SEM (Scanning electron microscopy), EDX (Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy), XRD (X-ray diffraction), TEM (Transmission electron microscopy), AFM (Atomic force microscopy), XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) and Zeta potential. The synthesized SPIONs were crystalline and monodispersed with size ranging between 15 nm and 20 nm. The seedlings of SPIONs treated Vigna radiata were found to have reduced root and shoot growth. The bioaccumulation of iron oxide in the treated plants was confirmed by ICP-OES (Inductively coupled plasma -optical emission spectrometry) analysis and Prussian blue staining. Cellular destruction and reduced reproduction rate were found in SPIONs exposed Eudrilus eugeniae and ICP-OES analysis of earthworm samples affirmed the bioaccumulation of SPIONs.

Utilization of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) Impregnated Activated Carbon for Removal of Hexavalent Chromium

“…The spectra were more analogous to previous reports [31,37]. Samrot et al [38] reported SPIONs to show absorption maxima from 420 nm, where here too an absorption maxima was found around 490 nm.…”

“…The intensity of C peak was much reduced in Sp-GAC since the surface of carbon was concealed by iron oxides. Samrot et al [38] reported SPIONs produced using NaOH and ammonia solution as reducing agent to show size around 41 nm.…”

Utilization of Carica papaya latex on coating of SPIONs for dye removal and drug delivery

“…Super Paramagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles were synthesized according to Samrot et al 49 with slight modification. Precursor salts 1 M Ferrous Chloride (FeCl 3 ·6H 2 O) and 1 M Ferrous Sulphate (FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O) was taken in 100 ml of nitrogen purged Milli Q water and was made as a homogenous solution by constant stirring.…”

A comprehensive review on synthesis of dihydropyrimidione via Biginelli reaction catalyzed by reusable magnetic nanocatalyst (from 2020–till date)

“…[160,161] Ferritin has been identified as a major component in the formation of ROS, which can result in neurodegeneration in vivo. [162,163] Even though more studies are being published to combat toxicity, [164] more effort has to be done to minimize toxicity and ensure the correct disposal of NPs.…”