A study on glabellar wrinkle patterns in Koreans

Kim, H.S.; Kim, C.; Cho, H.; Hwang, Jungil; Kim, Y.S.

doi:10.1111/jdv.12286

Cited by 26 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…also reference a small number of units in glabellar muscles in Asians compared to Caucasians (8–12 units, 10–30 in women, and 20–40 in men). An explanation would be the higher frequency of the “11” pattern (perpendicular glabellar lines only) and reduced “U” pattern (perpendicular and transverse glabellar lines) among Asians, in addition to the observed differences cited in corrugator muscles . In relation to eyebrows, Asian women are not favored by an abruptly arched brow with a lateral peak because it gives an aggressive look.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Studies in cadavers have shown that the corrugator muscle in Asians is more square, while in Caucasians it is a more extended muscle . Kim et al . also reference a small number of units in glabellar muscles in Asians compared to Caucasians (8–12 units, 10–30 in women, and 20–40 in men).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…26 Studies in cadavers have shown that the corrugator muscle in Asians is more square, while in Caucasians it is a more extended muscle. [26][27][28][29] Kim et al 30 also reference a small number of units in glabellar muscles in Asians compared to Caucasians (8-12 units, 10-30 in women, and 20-40 in men). An explanation would be the higher frequency of the "11" pattern (perpendicular glabellar lines only) and reduced "U" pattern (perpendicular and transverse glabellar lines) among Asians, in addition to the observed differences cited in corrugator muscles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An explanation would be the higher frequency of the "11" pattern (perpendicular glabellar lines only) and reduced "U" pattern (perpendicular and transverse glabellar lines) among Asians, in addition to the observed differences cited in corrugator muscles. 30 In relation to eyebrows, Asian women are not favored by an abruptly arched brow with a lateral peak because it gives an aggressive look. Authors recommend suppression of the corrugators to obtain a favorable Asian brow shape.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics and management of Asian skin

et al. 2018

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Color differences in skin are due to the amount and distribution of epidermal melanin. The number of melanocytes is almost the same in all skin types, but higher phototypes exhibit more melanocytes, which produce more melanin and melanosomes that are individually distributed throughout the keratinocyte layers. This characteristic ensures a natural, significant photoprotection in darker skins. Asians are a population with various skin phototypes, ranging from type III to IV Fitzpatrick's classification in Chinese and Japanese to type IV and V in Indian and Pakistani people. Asian skin tends to present postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, melasma, lentigines and freckles, nevus of Ota, and Hori nevus. The main skin diseases reported in Asians are acne, atopic dermatitis, and viral infections. Wrinkles and skin thickness, early signs of aging in Caucasians, are less evident in Asian skin. However, pigmentary changes occur earlier. Additionally, this ethnic population is increasing worldwide. The aim of this study is to show the importance of studying the characteristics of Asian skin for the better management of skin diseases in this population, which are being increasingly observed in doctor's offices. Based on a broad review of the medical literature, we report the characteristics of Asian skin, as well as some dyschromias and common skin disorders in this ethnic group. The objective of the article is to study the characteristics of Asian skin and differences in relation to other ethnic groups to achieve improved clinical and cosmetic management of diseases and other skin disorders. This article will discuss the concept of beauty in different ethnic groups, treatments with lasers and other light sources, and cosmiatric treatments in Asian skin. An extensive review of the literature was performed using the databases Scielo and Bireme, from Medline and Lilacs sources, over the last 50 years. The keywords used were as follows: Asian skin, ethnic skin, melanin. Due to the peculiarities of each ethnic group, this article demonstrates the importance of studying the characteristics of Asian skin to elucidate improved cosmiatric approaches for these patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics and management of Asian skin

et al. 2018

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“…2–4 Since de Almeida and colleagues 3,4 introduced classification of glabellar contraction patterns, other authors have also attempted to come up with their own classification to tailor to specific ethnic populations. 5 However, such classifications described in literatures focused on Westerners and Koreans, and have not been able to accurately reflect characteristics specific to Chinese.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Retrospective Study of Chinese-Specific Glabellar Contraction Patterns

et al. 2019

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BACKGROUNDBotulinum toxin has been widely accepted as safe and effective for the treatment of glabellar lines, and previous studies have classified glabellar contraction patterns into 5 categories.OBJECTIVETo classify the glabellar contraction patterns among a large-scale Chinese population and provide a reference for injections in Chinese patients.METHODSFour hundred eighty-nine Chinese subjects who received botulinum toxin for the treatment of glabellar lines were selected for a retrospective photographic analysis of their glabellar contraction patterns. Using 2 separate previously established classification systems, the patterns were analyzed and classified by a panel of certified Chinese dermatologists.RESULTSTwo separate classification systems showed different distributions of glabellar contraction patterns among Chinese compared with Caucasians and Koreans. The classifications allowed for identification of the most frequent patterns in Chinese, which were “converging arrows” and “11” pattern, and provided references for identifying the most important muscles.CONCLUSIONBoth classification systems are applicable to the Chinese population with varying distributions. Because the classification system of de Almeida and colleagues focuses more on the muscles involved in the formation of glabellar lines, the authors' subjects classified according to this system displayed a more balanced distribution among the 5 patterns. This provides an easier reference for dermatologists in daily clinical practice and guiding treatment strategies.

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Botulinum Toxin

Sharad¹

2019

Advances in Integrative Dermatology

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A study on glabellar wrinkle patterns in Koreans

Abstract: Interpersonal differences in facial animation exist among Koreans. We hope our simple glabellar wrinkles classification enables a more accurate, individualized treatment with botulinum toxin in Asians.

Cited by 26 publications

References 19 publications

Characteristics and management of Asian skin

Characteristics and management of Asian skin

A Retrospective Study of Chinese-Specific Glabellar Contraction Patterns

Botulinum Toxin

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