A Study on Gel/Space Ratio Development in Binary Mixture Containing Portland Cement and Meta-Illite Calcined Clay/Rice Husk Ash

Nduka, David O.; Olawuyi, Babatunde J.; Joshua, Opeyemi; Omuh, I. O.

doi:10.3390/gels8020085

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…Utilising the nonevaporable water technique described by Nduka et al [ 36 ], the degree of hydration of SP-based mortar samples was determined. For the purpose of determining the hydration growth tendencies of the mortars, fragments from 40 mm cube samples crushed after various curing days of 7, 14, 21, and 28 days were selected.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Masonry Mortar Made with Seashell Particles

et al. 2023

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In order to study the mechanical and microstructural properties of masonry mortar, combined particles of cockle and scallop seashell wastes were incorporated and analysed through destructive and non-destructive tests. River sand was replaced with the combined seashell particles (SPs) at seven mixes, viz., 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30% with a 0.5 constant water-to-cement ratio (W/C). A mortar mix design of M4-type of BS EN 1996-1-1 was adopted with a target compressive strength of 5.17 MPa at 28 days. The physical, chemical and mineralogy properties of the SPs were analysed through BS standard sieving, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. The hardened SP-based mortars were subjected to direct compressive strength, rebound hammer, ultrasonic pulse velocity tests, and nonevaporable degree of hydration analysis. The XRF, SEM, and XRD analysis results of the SPs showed over 86% calcium oxide content, irregular and needle-like particles, and hydroxyapatite/calcium silicates, respectively. The direct compressive strength and the non-destructive test results revealed that up to 30% sand replacement with SP in masonry mortar, an improvement of 45% compressive strength could be attained over the control sample. The nonevaporable water method of the degree of hydration analysis showed that after 28 days, hydration increased considerably for the SP-blended mortars over the control, especially the SPM-30 with 30% sand replacement. Therefore, the study concludes that the investigated SPs in blended masonry mortar could benefit an eco-friendly environment and conservation of natural resources.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Masonry Mortar Made with Seashell Particles

et al. 2023

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“…The modification of the following types of additives proved to be effective in improving the characteristics of cement composites: flask, diatomite [ 27 ], ultrafine quartz [ 28 ], nanomethakaolin [ 29 ], nanotitania [ 24 , 27 , 30 ], recycled aggregate [ 23 ], slaked lime [ 13 ], rice husk ash [ 31 ], nanosized cellulose filaments [ 32 ], nanofluid complex additive (graphene/PVA) [ 33 ], boron nanonitride, multilayer graphenes, zirconium oxide [ 24 ], nano-aluminum oxide [ 25 , 34 ], nanoclay [ 25 ], and iron and lead nano-oxides [ 35 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Article [ 31 ] describes the conditional ways of establishing the relationship between the degree of hydration (non-evaporating water) and porosity between the gel/space ratio and the compressive strength of a solution from a high-strength mixture at an early age. Using the non-evaporating water method, the gel/space ratio of solidified HPC solutions was predicted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using the non-evaporating water method, the gel/space ratio of solidified HPC solutions was predicted. The results of this study show that the addition of gel-like calcined clay and rice husk ash (5–30% by weight of Portland cement) to the composite matrix leads to a moderate decrease in the compressive strength of a HPC solution with a low water–binder ratio (W/B) [ 31 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Study on the Cement Gel Formation Process during the Creation of Nanomodified High-Performance Concrete Based on Nanosilica

Beskopylny

Stel’makh

Shcherban’

et al. 2022

Gels

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One of the most science-intensive and developing areas is nano-modified concrete. Its characteristics of high-strength, high density, and improved structure, which is not only important at the stage of monitoring their performance, but also at the manufacturing stage, characterize high-performance concrete. The aim of this study is to obtain new theoretical knowledge and experimental-applied dependencies arising from the “composition–microstructure–properties” ratio of high-strength concretes with a nano-modifying additive of the most effective type. The methods of laser granulometry and electron microscopy are applied. The existing concepts from the point of view of theory and practice about the processes of cement gel formation during the creation of nano-modified high-strength concretes with nano-modifying additives are developed. The most rational mode of the nano-modification of high-strength concretes is substantiated as follows: microsilica ground to nanosilica within 12 h. A complex nano-modifier containing nanosilica, superplasticizer, hyperplasticizer, and sodium sulfate was developed. The most effective combination of the four considered factors are: the content of nanosilica is 4% by weight of cement; the content of the superplasticizer additive is 1.4% by weight of cement; the content of the hyperplasticizer additive is 3% by weight of cement; and the water–cement ratio—0.33. The maximum difference of the strength characteristics in comparison with other combinations ranged from 45% to 57%.

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“…Microstructural studies and modeling methods are especially important in studying the processes of cement gel formation and allow them to be controlled to improve and predict the characteristics of cement composites [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. At the same time, the importance of the gel/space ratio for the compressive strength of cement composites is noted [ 27 , 28 , 29 ]. The study of the microstructure of calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) gels from theoretical and computational points of view, as well as the fractality of CSH and the evaluation of the mechanical properties and durability of CSH—with particular reference to carbonization and chloride/sulfate exposure—are also important in influencing the mechanical properties and durability of cement-based materials [ 30 , 31 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Investigation of Compacting Cement Systems for Studying the Fundamental Process of Cement Gel Formation

Beskopylny

Stel’makh

Shcherban’

et al. 2022

Gels

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Fundamental knowledge of the processes of cement gel formation for new generation concretes is a scientific deficit. Studies aimed at the formation of a cement gel for standard vibrated concrete research, and especially for centrifugally compacted concrete, are of interest because the structure of this concrete differs significantly from the structure of standard vibrated concrete. This article aims to study the fundamental dependencies of the theoretical and practical values that occur during compaction using vibration, as well as the centrifugal force of new emerging concrete structures. New theoretical findings about the processes of cement gel formation for three technologies were developed: vibrating, centrifuging, and vibrocentrifuging of concrete; the fundamental difference in gel formation has been determined, the main physical and chemical processes were described, and a significant effect of technology on the gel formation process was established. The influence of indirect characteristics based on the processes of cement gel formation, rheological properties of concrete mixtures, water squeezing processes, and the ratio between the liquid and solid phases in the mixture was evaluated. The process of formation of cement gel for centrifugally compacted cement systems was studied and graphical dependences were constructed, giving answers to the mechanism of interaction according to the principle “composition-rheological characteristics-structure-properties of concrete”. The quantitative aspect of the achieved result is expressed in the increase in the indicators demonstrated by centrifuged and especially vibrocentrifuged samples compared to vibrated ones. Additionally, in terms of strength indicators, vibrocentrifuged samples demonstrated an increase from 22% to 32%, depending on the type of strength, and the rheological characteristics of concrete mixes differed by 80% and 300% in terms of delamination.

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A Study on Gel/Space Ratio Development in Binary Mixture Containing Portland Cement and Meta-Illite Calcined Clay/Rice Husk Ash

Cited by 7 publications

References 19 publications

Investigation of the Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Masonry Mortar Made with Seashell Particles

Investigation of the Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Masonry Mortar Made with Seashell Particles

A Study on the Cement Gel Formation Process during the Creation of Nanomodified High-Performance Concrete Based on Nanosilica

The Investigation of Compacting Cement Systems for Studying the Fundamental Process of Cement Gel Formation

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