A study on flexural and water absorption of surface modified rice husk flour/E-glass/polypropylene hybrid composite

Rassiah, Kannan; Sin, Tae-Gi; Ismail, M Z

doi:10.1088/1757-899x/152/1/012061

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…After that, samples were dipped in distilled water for 25 days at room temperature. Te water absorption percentage is calculated by the following equation [25][26][27].…”

Section: Water Absorption Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and Thermal Behaviour of Rice Bran Green Composite Using RSM and Design of Experiment Techniques

Singh¹,

Dutt

Hirwani

et al. 2023

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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The aim of this research is to synthesise a cost-effective biodegradable green composite for various low- and medium-load applications. The tensile and flexural results reveal that the rice bran composition in green composite enhances the stiffness of composite, while strength and hardness decrease. The highest values of tensile strength 27 MPa and flexural strength 25 MPa were obtained for 15/85 treated rice bran composites, while the highest value of young modulus 2958 MPa was obtained for the 35/65 composite combination. The highest value of hardness, i.e., 11 HRF was obtained for 15/85 treated rice bran composite. The water absorption test reveals the hydrophilic nature of rice bran and the hydrophobic nature of PLA. Results also reveal better water-absorbing properties of the green composite due to the surface treatment of rice bran. The lowest density of 1.001 g/cm3 found for the 50/50 composite combination means the addition of rice bran makes the composite light in weight. The thermogravimetric analysis performed on the composite to analyse its thermal behaviour shows that major weight loss occurs approximately in the temperature range of 80–350° Celsius. The response surface methodology (RSM) and design of experiment (DOE) optimization model were developed to find that the optimum condition for maximum weight loss reveals two desirable conditions, i.e., 500° Celsius and 424.85° Celsius. ANOVA analysis reveals that the obtained results are significant.

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“…After that, samples were dipped in distilled water for 25 days at room temperature. Te water absorption percentage is calculated by the following equation [25][26][27].…”

Section: Water Absorption Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and Thermal Behaviour of Rice Bran Green Composite Using RSM and Design of Experiment Techniques

Singh¹,

Dutt

Hirwani

et al. 2023

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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“…The percentage of water absorption P50L50 is around 3.08% compared to PBAT of 0.337%. In the first 24 hours, the contribution of water absorption to the presence of micro-voids at the reinforcement/matrix interface [49]. Water is directly absorbed when it enters the composite through small gaps in polymer chains, and it is then distributed through capillary transport into these gaps, where water is stuck between the fiber and matrix interfaces.…”

Section: Water Absorption Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation, characterization and biodegradability of acrylate graft rice husk/ lignin reinforced PBAT

Choo,

Sreekantan,

Appaturi

2023

J Polym Res

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The increasing worldwide waste of polymers and agricultural products has prompted a pressing need for biodegradable plastic to help protect the environment. Hence, this research focuses on polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT) biodegradable polymers containing between 30-50 percent of filler to achieve an optimal balance of mechanical properties and biodegradation. Given its high lignin content, rice husk has displayed comparable properties to those of commercial lignin, and thus, the lignin from the rice husk was modified with acrylic acid grafting to facilitate the composite fabrication process. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis was used to demonstrate the grafting synergy and verify that the lignin/rice husk had been successfully grafted with the acrylic acid grafting process. Subsequently, the acrylic acid grafted lignin/rice husk was incorporated into PBAT to create a PBAT composite containing 30-50% AA lignin. The results revealed that the lignin: PBAT ratio at 30:70 (P70L30) resulted in the most optimum mechanical properties and biodegradability. These included tensile strength of 19.48 MPa, elongation at break of 20.26 MPa, Young's modulus of 1913.62%, and crystallinity of 31.45%. The biodegradation of P70L30 was 57.36% over the 6 months, which was faster than the 9.2% degradation of PBAT. Additionally, the water absorption of P70L30 was two times more compared to PBAT, indicating the change in hydrophobicity of PBAT to a hydrophilic composite. Agricultural waste-rice husk displayed identical properties to lignin when incorporated into PBAT and resulting in the mechanical properties of strength, elongation at yield, and Young's modulus of 19.09 MPa, 21.87%, and 1936.98MPa. The mechanical 2 properties and biodegradability of P70L30 on both lignin/rice husk in PBAT composite demonstrated the potential of affordable materials to create sustainable packaging solutions with good biodegradability and added features.

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“…As showed in Table 1, the contact angles were statistically equal among the samples when measured instantly, indicating a hydrophobic character (> 100°). Because of the hydrophilic nature of gelatinized starch and rice husk [34], the samples presented a significantly reduction in the contact angle with time. After 1 min and 5 min, the uncoated samples were equal to PBAT 1X, i.e., the wettability was equal regardless the coating presence.…”

Section: Hydrophilicity and Water Absorption Capacity (Wac)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of PLA Poly(Lactic Acid) and PBAT Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) Coating on the Properties of Composites with High Content of Rice Husk

2020

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Composites with high content of rice husk (80% based on the solids weight) without and with PLA (5%) and PBAT (2.5%) coating were produced and characterized. Thickness, morphology, thermal and mechanical properties, water absorption capacity and hydrophilicity were evaluated. The optical microscopy indicated a more uniform surface after double coating with PLA that was confirmed by the iodine test. The modulus of elasticity and deflection were not influenced by the thin layer of PLA. On the other hand, water absorption capacity decreased with both polymers used as coating, but lower values were reached with PLA. All materials presented hydrophobic character (contact angle higher than 90°) when measured instantly, with a small decreased after 5 min. The samples coated only once with PLA or PBAT showed analogous thermograms to the uncoated composite.

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A study on flexural and water absorption of surface modified rice husk flour/E-glass/polypropylene hybrid composite

Cited by 6 publications

References 9 publications

Mechanical and Thermal Behaviour of Rice Bran Green Composite Using RSM and Design of Experiment Techniques

Mechanical and Thermal Behaviour of Rice Bran Green Composite Using RSM and Design of Experiment Techniques

Preparation, characterization and biodegradability of acrylate graft rice husk/ lignin reinforced PBAT

Impact of PLA Poly(Lactic Acid) and PBAT Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) Coating on the Properties of Composites with High Content of Rice Husk

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