A Study on Correlation of Melanin &amp; Pigmentation Disorder and Viscera and Bowels(臟腑)

Jung, Yujin; Ko, Woo-Shin; Yoon, Hwa-Jung

doi:10.6114/jkood.2016.29.3.027

Cited by 1 publication

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References 47 publications

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“…Human skin color results primarily from pigments like melanin (black, brown, or red), carotene (yellow), and hemoglobin (red) present in the skin. These pigments’ expression is regulated by environmental factors such as UV radiation, fatigue, stress, hormones, and genetic factors, with melanin being the most influential [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Melanin, found in the skin, hair, and eyes, determines skin color [ 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Melanogenic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of 2′-Hydroxy-4′,6′-dimethoxychalcone in B16F10 and RAW264.7 Cells

Bae,

Lee,

Hyun

2024

CIMB

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Chalcone is a type of flavonoid compound that is widely biosynthesized in plants. Studies have shown that consuming flavonoids from fruits and vegetables or applying individual ingredients reduces the risk of skin disease. However, the effects of chalcone on melanogenesis and inflammation have not been fully investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-melanogenic and anti-inflammatory effects of 2′-hydroxy-3,4′-dimethoxychalcone (3,4′-DMC), 2′-hydroxy-4,4′-dimethoxychalcone (4,4′-DMC), 2′-hydroxy-3′,4′-dimethoxychalcone (3′,4′-DMC), and 2′-hydroxy-4′,6′-dimethoxychalcone (4′,6′-DMC). Among the derivatives of 2′-hydroxy-4′-methoxychalcone, 4′,6′-DMC demonstrated the most potent melanogenesis-inhibitory and anti-inflammatory effects. As evidenced by various biological assays, 4′,6′-DMC showed no cytotoxicity and notably decreased the expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1, and TRP-2 enzymes. Furthermore, it reduced cellular melanin content and intracellular tyrosinase activity in B16F10 melanoma cells by downregulating microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), β-catenin, glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β), and protein kinase B (AKT) proteins, while upregulating extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p-β-catenin. Additionally, treatment with 4′,6′-DMC significantly mitigated the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression of NO, PGE2, inflammatory cytokines, COX-2, and iNOS proteins. Overall, 4′,6′-DMC treatment notably alleviated LPS-induced damage by reducing nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), p38, JNK protein levels, and NF-kB/p65 nuclear translocation. Finally, the topical applicability of 4′,6′-DMC was evaluated in a preliminary human skin irritation test and no adverse effects were found. These findings suggest that 4′,6′-DMC may offer new possibilities for use as functional ingredients in cosmeceuticals and ointments.

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