A Study On Comparison Of Pain Score Between Upper Limb And Lower Limb Fractures

Abstract

Introduction: Pain is the most common chief complaint of patients presenting to Emergency Department (ED). Pain is not simply a signal for tissue injury, but also a signal to seek repair and recuperation. The aim of this study was to determine whether upper limb (UL) or lower limb (LL) fracture has more pain and to evaluate the association between types of fracture (UL vs LL) with adequacy of pain relief. 
 Methodology: A study was conducted from July to October 2005 in ED, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM). Patients who fulfill the inclusion criteria were selected. Paramedics in charged were the assistants; at the same time became the observer. The paramedics were not involved in the decision making for pain management. Pain severity score was assessed by using Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). 
 Results: 42 patients were enrolled. 85.7% (n=36) were male and 14.3% were female. Mean age is 29.6 years old. Mean NRS on arrival for UL and LL fractures were 6.47 ± 1.70 and 7.80 ± 2.53 respectively. Mean NRS for mixed fractures (both UL and LL) was 7.60 ± 3.36. There was no statistically significant association between fracture sites and analgesic administration (p value=0.300). There were 70.6% and 70.0% of the patients with UL and LL fractures had adequate pain relief whereas 80% of patients with mixed fractures had adequate pain relief (p value= 0.902). 
 Conclusion: LL and mixed fractures had more pain score on arrival but there was no statistically significant association between fracture sites and analgesics administration and no association between fracture sites with adequacy of pain relief.

Extremities Fractures and Fixation and Their Effects on Patients, Quality of Life

“…This study showed that majority and all of the subjects had high level of bodily pain before and after one week of fixation surgery. This observation is similar to the conclusion of the research made by Baharuddin et al (30) who pointed out that above two thirds of patients with lower extremity fracture with fixation surgery had poor bodily pain dimension. Also, Sluys et al (31) mentioned that majority of patient with upper extremity fracture with fixation surgery had poor bodily pain.…”

Effect of Video-Assisted Isometric Strengthening Exercise Program on Pain and Muscle Strength Poststabilization of Lower Limb Fracture

“…It is well established that ISE is an essential component of orthopaedic rehabilitation. ISE is a simple and safe start to recovery as it strengthens muscle power, prevents muscle atrophy and joint stiffness, and reduces musculoskeletal pain, especially in the area of postsurgical fracture (Baharuddin et al, 2020). Hence, ISE may be prescribed as a nonpharmacological method to manage postoperative pain.…”

“…It is well established that ISE is an essential component of orthopaedic rehabilitation. ISE is a simple and safe start to recovery as it strengthens muscle power, prevents muscle atrophy and joint stiffness, and reduces musculoskeletal pain, especially in the area of postsurgical fracture (Baharuddin et al, 2020). Hence, ISE may be The benefits of isometric strengthening exercises (ISEs) are compromised when patient teaching on ISEs is delayed and/or ineffectively delivered due to healthcare resources constraint, especially when health resources are stretched, as occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic.…”