A study on benzene release during water washing of biomass

Deng, Lei; Long, Jimiao; Wu, Yuhao; Che, Defu

doi:10.1002/apj.2536

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Details of the washing procedure could be referred to in our earlier studies. [38,39,41,42] In total, 1.0 L deionized water was employed to submerge and soak 12.5 g of corn stalk sample. The water temperature was maintained at 30 C and the duration time of washing pretreatment was 3 h. Proximate, ultimate, and ash composition analyses were performed on raw and washed samples in the Comprehensive Laboratory of Coalfield Geological Bureau (Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China), which had the qualification of detection.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pretreatment of water washing on biomass fuels is likely to effectively remove the fuel K and moderate K-induced problems in the boiler with grate firing. [37][38][39][40][41][42] To date, the impact of water washing pretreatment on the release of fuel K is still lacking in quantitative evaluation. In addition, when biomass fuels are burned on the grate, the whole combustion process may maintain for 20-40 min and only a part of the air (the primary air) participates in the combustion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potassium transformation and release during biomass combustion

et al. 2022

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To study the transformation and release of fuel K, the combustion of corn stalk and wheat straw were performed in a reactor with a fixed bed between 400-1000 C. Measurements of weight and elemental composition, chemical fractionation analysis, and low-temperature ashing coupled with X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were conducted on biomass and residual samples. The effects of biomass species, temperature and duration time of combustion, oxygen concentration, and pretreatment of water washing were evaluated. The results show that compared with wheat straw, corn stalk has a lower K release, which is much more sensitive to the combustion temperature than to the oxygen concentration. The inorganic potassium occurs as KClO 3 and KClO 4 in wheat straw and KCl and KClO 4 in corn stalk. K 2 SO 4 appears through sulphation of KCl as combustion happens at 800 C or above. When the combustion temperature reached 900 C for corn stalk and 1000 C for wheat straw, some KCl changed into K 2 Si 2 O 5 , which contains insoluble K. K 2 Ca(SO 4 ) 2 appears as corn stalk and wheat straw are burnt at 1000 and 900 C, respectively. Along with the proceeding of wheat straw combustion, more ion-exchangeable and watersoluble K transform to the insoluble K with the increasing temperature. The pretreatment of water washing removes nearly all the water-soluble K from the corn stalk and significantly decreases the K release from 3.26-0.27 mg g À1 in quantity and from 26.74%-14.84% in ratio at 1000 C, respectively.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potassium transformation and release during biomass combustion

et al. 2022

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“…The CS samples were pretreated with water washing, which is denoted by WCS. Details of the washing process can be found in our earlier studies [2,31,32,34]. In summary, a constant water bath temperature of 30 • C was chosen to ensure the repeatability of the experiment.…”

Section: Raw Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Release Characteristics of Potassium during Biomass Combustion

Zhang¹,

Hou²,

Xue³

et al. 2023

Energies

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To investigate the release characteristics of potassium during biomass combustion, experimental studies were conducted on three typical biomass fuels in a reactor with a fixed-bed system. The effects of fuel type, combustion temperature, exposure time, oxygen concentration, and water-washing pretreatment were evaluated. The results show that the K release ratio in corn straw increases with the increment in exposure time when the temperature is between 700 and 900 °C. When burned at 900 °C for 40 min, 17.73% of K is released in the volatile combustion stage, while only 2.62% is released in the char combustion stage. When burned at 700–900 °C, the K release ratios in both corn and wheat straw improve slightly with the elevation in oxygen concentration. Water washing significantly reduces the ratio and the amount of K release from corn straw during combustion. The effect of temperature and atmosphere on K release from the water-washed sample is similar to that for the raw sample.

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Tracked evolution of single biochar particle’s morphology during pyrolysis in operando x-ray micro-computed tomography

Salinas-Farran,

Mosonik,

Jervis

et al. 2024

Biochar

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The engineering of biochars with desired morphologies and pore structures is a far-reaching objective towards sustainable pore-dependent environmental technologies, such as water and soil remediation or catalysis. We hereby report a series of experiments that allow the direct following of the shape and porosity of single biochar particles during pyrolysis. Particles ~ 1–2 mm in diameter of unwashed and water-washed raw walnut shells were continuously 3D imaged during pyrolysis to 575 ℃ at a 10 K min−1 in Ar to obtain time- and temperature-resolved x-ray micro computed tomographies to a 0.82 μm resolution. Results showed visual evidence of a 30% and 70% v/v particle shrinkage for unwashed and washed samples, respectively. Particle swelling between 200 and 300 ℃ in the unwashed sample provided evidence of the softening of native biopolymers associated with lignin in untreated biomass. A purpose-defined parameter Λ shows the temperature-dependence of pore re-distribution towards the center of the particle to be linear for both samples. Λ was found to be $$3.2\times {10}^{-4}{K}^{-1}$$ 3.2 × 10 - 4 K - 1 in the washed sample, approximately 3.5 times faster than in the unwashed one. Such linear dependence is significantly slower than an exponential Arrhenius-like trend thereby providing a qualitative measure of the heat and mass transport phenomena limiting the chemical reactions in the porous medium. This evidence is key to resolving the pathways to the thermochemical decomposition of biomass leading to preparation of precision-engineered biochars. Graphical Abstract

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A study on benzene release during water washing of biomass

Cited by 5 publications

References 47 publications

Potassium transformation and release during biomass combustion

Potassium transformation and release during biomass combustion

Release Characteristics of Potassium during Biomass Combustion

Tracked evolution of single biochar particle’s morphology during pyrolysis in operando x-ray micro-computed tomography

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