Introduction. Social knowledge about epilepsy has significant influence on shaping attitudes towards people with this disorder. Aim. The aim of the article was to find out an answer to the following question: How does the level of knowledge and perceiving people with epilepsy differ across societies of different countries? Material and methods. We evaluated 30 publications published between 2000 and 2013 on measuring the knowledge about epilepsy and psycho-social functioning of people with epilepsy. The articles were divided into five groups (including five continents): Europe-14 articles: six from Poland and eight from other countries, one from New Zealand, five from America, six from Asia and four from Africa. Discussion and conclusions. Despite widespread occurrence of the disorder in the world, the level of knowledge about epilepsy is low. Most authors, but also respondents, still postulate the necessity to introduce education on the matter to various age groups. The best form of communication used by the respondents is the media.
Key words: epilepsy • knowledge • psychosocial conditions
INTRODucTIONEpilepsy is one of the most often occurring neurological disorders in the world. De Boer et al. ( 2008) referring to the literature review informs that the epilepsy incidence rate in economically developed countries is from 40 to 70 on 100.000 persons per year, whereas in those developing it is higher -about 120 on 100.000 persons per year. It is usually higher in children and older people. Factors fostering the increase in incidence in poorer countries include: poor sanitary conditions, inefficient health system, increased infection risk of CNS and brain injuries (Sander, 2003;de Boer et al., 2008). This considerable occurrence of epilepsy, however, does not favour social functioning. In numerous studies that take into account various characteristics of the respondents (including i.a. age, sex, ethnic origins, financial situation, education level) the issue of stigma concerning people with epilepsy is noted (Austin et al., 2002;Doughty et al., 2003;Fernandes et al., 2004;Jacoby et al., 2004;Birbeck et al., 2006). In a study involving 15 European countries 51.0% of respondents reported stigmatization of patients and 18% reported a considerable feeling of stigmatization (Buck et al., 1999;Morrell, 2002). Doughty et al. (2003) claim, on the basis of studies in 10 European countries, there is a high stigmatization among 17% of respondents. The weakest feeling of stigmatization was reported by patients in Holland (27%) and Spain (31%); the strongest in Poland (56%) and France (62%). In studies that analyzed the stigma in people with epilepsy the authors (Baker et al., 1999;Jacoby et al., 2004;Jacoby, 2008) refer to the Goffman theory. This theory states that people become stigmatized when they considerably differ from the rest of the