A Study on Aqueous Dispersing of Carbon Black Nanoparticles Surface-Coated with Styrene Maleic Acid (SMA) Copolymer

Abstract

Carbon black (CB) particles tend to aggregate in aqueous solutions, and finding an optimum dispersing condition (e.g., selection of the type of dispersant) is one of the important tasks in related industries. In the present study, three types of styrene maleic acid (SMA) copolymer dispersants were synthesized, labeled respectively ‘SMA-1000’, ‘SMA-2000’, and ‘SMA-3000’, which have 1, 2, and 3 styrene groups in their repeating units. Then, asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AsFlFFF) was employed to measure the particle size distributions of the aqueous CB dispersions. For the particle size analysis of the CB dispersions, dynamic light scattering (DLS) showed relatively lower reproducibility than AsFlFFF. AsFlFFF showed that the use of SMA-3000 yielded a CB dispersion with the most uniform particle size distribution. When the SMA-3000 dispersant was used, the particle size tended to increase after 1 h of milling as the milling time increased, probably due to the re-agglomeration of the particles by excessive milling. The particle size distributions from AsFlFFF were consistent with the colorimetric observations. With the SMA-3000 dispersant, the lowest L∗ value was observed after 1 h of milling. The AsFlFFF and colorimetric analyses suggest that a stable CB dispersion can be obtained by either 3-h of milling with the SMA-2000 or 1-h of milling with the SMA-3000.

Development of Fine Particle Mechanical Separation Processes with Representative Catalyst Materials for Recycling PEM Water Electrolyzers Exploiting their Wetting Characteristics

“…The dispersion of CB in the aqueous solution is determined by the interaction between particles, solvent, and dispersant. Between the particle and the aqueous solution, interfacial tension and adsorption are influential, while between the particle and the dispersant, affinity plays a role [44] . SHMP is a typical low molecular weight (LMW) compound, which cannot provide sufficient steric hindrance to organic particles with atoms such as carbon compared to high molecular weight ones (HMW).…”

“…Between the particle and the aqueous solution, interfacial tension and adsorption are influential, while between the particle and the dispersant, affinity plays a role. [44] SHMP is a typical low molecular weight (LMW) compound, which cannot provide sufficient steric hindrance to organic particles with atoms such as carbon compared to high molecular weight ones (HMW). However, several studies have shown that phosphate ions bond more strongly to TiO 2 by inner-sphere surface complexation.…”

Characterization of Ceria Nanoparticles as Abrasives Applied with Defoaming Polymers for CMP (Chemical Mechanical Polishing) Applications

“…In this study, our objective is to develop a highly efficient CMP slurry. This slurry will incorporate calcined ceria nanoparticles along with an SMA dispersant polymer, with the addition of three types of defoaming polymers (PPG) using various concentrations based on the SMA dispersant in the previous work [ 39 ]. The goal is to overcome particle agglomeration, stable polishing uniformity, and scratches among particles.…”

Utilization of Anthracene-Functionalized Poly(2-oxazolines) as a Dispersant of Carbon Black in Water and Dodecane

“…It has a high surface area-to-volume ratio and is widely used in a plethora of applications due to its excellent resistance to chemicals, light, and temperature . Some of the common uses of CB are in rubber products, coatings and paints, plastics, and batteries. − A recent review by Andrioli et al highlights the current scientific importance of CB in renewable energy harvesting and environmental remediation. CB and functionalized CB materials have been proven to be essential and competitive against other carbon nanomaterials for supercapacitors, CO 2 separations, and batteries and as catalyst support in solar and fuel cells. − In addition, CB is the largest industrially produced nanocarbon with a projected annual manufacture of 15 Mt by 2025 …”