A study of ZnxZryOz mixed oxides for direct conversion of ethanol to isobutene

Liu, Changjun; Smith, Colin; Wang, Yong

doi:10.1016/j.apcata.2013.07.011

Cited by 65 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…It can generate many different chemicals, including ethyl acetate [1][2][3][4], 1-butanol [5,6], acetone [7], propene [8], isobutene [9], 1,3 butadiene [10] in a one-pot reaction employing multifunctional catalysts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of m-ZrO2 in the selective oxidation of ethanol to acetic acid employing PdO/m-ZrO2

Letichevsky

Zonetti

Reis

et al. 2015

Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of m-ZrO2 in the selective oxidation of ethanol to acetic acid employing PdO/m-ZrO2

Letichevsky

Zonetti

Reis

et al. 2015

Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical

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“…Only a small number of studies can be found which are related to the one-pot synthesis of isobutene from ethanol (cascade reaction), being all of them based on the Zn x Zr y O z mixed oxides. [1,[13][14][15] According to Sun et al, [15] the first step of this synthesis is the ethanol dehydrogenation to acetaldehyde. Then, this aldehyde undergoes a cascade aldolization/decomposition reaction on Lewis acid-base pairs generating isobutene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isobutene from Ethanol: Describing the Synergy between In₂O₃ and m‐ZrO₂

et al. 2019

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The performances of In2O3/ZrO2, ZrO2 and In2O3 were evaluated in the synthesis of isobutene from ethanol in one‐step. These catalysts were characterized by XRD, EPR, TPD‐H2O, TPD‐NH3, TPD‐ethanol and pyridine adsorption. The In2O3/ZrO2 catalyst is a promising catalytic system for the synthesis of isobutene from ethanol. The catalytic tests showed that acetone, hydrogen and carbon dioxide are the main co‐products of this synthesis. The In2O3/ZrO2 catalyst can promote the synthesis of isobutene due to the inter‐diffusion process between In2O3 and ZrO2. This phenomenon generates, among others, the Zr insertion and a high concentration of anionic vacancies in the In2O3 lattice. This increases the In2O3/ZrO2 redox properties leading to a high activity of this catalyst for the acetone generation, a key intermediate of the isobutene synthesis. These changes also promote the acid and basic properties of In2O3/ZrO2, which are in charge of the acetaldehyde synthesis, acetone condensation and, finally, dehydration of the intermediates of the isobutene synthesis.

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“…Acetone [5], ethyl acetate [6–9], n -butanol [10, 11], acetic acid [12], propylene [13], isobutene [14] and 1,3-butadiene [15] are good examples of these syntheses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, both Iwamoto [13] and Liu et al [14] have suggested that acetone is the intermediate of the propylene and isobutene syntheses from ethanol, respectively. Surely, the understanding of the acetone synthesis will support future developments related to these subjects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemicals from ethanol: the acetone synthesis from ethanol employing Ce0.75Zr0.25O2, ZrO2 and Cu/ZnO/Al2O3

Rodrigues

Zonetti

Appel

2017

Chemistry Central Journal

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Acetone is an important solvent and widely used in the synthesis of drugs and polymers. Currently, acetone is mainly generated by the Cumene Process, which employs benzene and propylene as fossil raw materials. Phenol is a co-product of this synthesis. However, this ketone can be generated from ethanol (a renewable feedstock) in one-step. The aim of this work is to describe the influence of physical–chemical properties of three different catalysts on each step of this reaction. Furthermore, contribute to improve the description of the mechanism of this synthesis. The acetone synthesis from ethanol was studied employing Cu/ZnO/Al2O3, Ce0.75Zr0.25O2 and ZrO2. It was verified that the acidity of the catalysts needs fine-tuning in order to promote the oxygenate species adsorption and avoid the dehydration of ethanol. The higher the reducibility and the H2O dissociation activity of the catalysts are, the higher the selectivity to acetone is. In relation to the oxides, these properties are associated with the presence of O vacancies. The H2 generation, which occurs during the TPSR, indicates the redox character of this synthesis. The main steps of the acetone synthesis from ethanol are the generation of acetaldehyde, the oxidation of this aldehyde to acetate species (which reduces the catalyst), the H2O dissociation, the oxidation of the catalyst producing H2, and, finally, the ketonization reaction. These pieces of information will support the development of active catalysts for not only the acetone synthesis from ethanol, but also the isobutene and propylene syntheses in which this ketone is an intermediate.Graphical abstractAcetone from ethanol. Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13065-017-0249-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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A study of ZnxZryOz mixed oxides for direct conversion of ethanol to isobutene

Cited by 65 publications

References 25 publications

The role of m-ZrO2 in the selective oxidation of ethanol to acetic acid employing PdO/m-ZrO2

The role of m-ZrO2 in the selective oxidation of ethanol to acetic acid employing PdO/m-ZrO2

Isobutene from Ethanol: Describing the Synergy between In₂O₃ and m‐ZrO₂

Chemicals from ethanol: the acetone synthesis from ethanol employing Ce0.75Zr0.25O2, ZrO2 and Cu/ZnO/Al2O3

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A study of ZnxZryOz mixed oxides for direct conversion of ethanol to isobutene

Cited by 65 publications

References 25 publications

The role of m-ZrO2 in the selective oxidation of ethanol to acetic acid employing PdO/m-ZrO2

The role of m-ZrO2 in the selective oxidation of ethanol to acetic acid employing PdO/m-ZrO2

Isobutene from Ethanol: Describing the Synergy between In2O3 and m‐ZrO2

Chemicals from ethanol: the acetone synthesis from ethanol employing Ce0.75Zr0.25O2, ZrO2 and Cu/ZnO/Al2O3

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Isobutene from Ethanol: Describing the Synergy between In₂O₃ and m‐ZrO₂