A study of variability in Botrytis /

Ampuero, E.

doi:10.5962/bhl.title.119216

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…3c,d), and for the Nankai Trough, we also performed simulations using an overpressured initial P f condition. By using the spectral element method22, a nucleation procedure was prescribed and the results of the computation showed the direction and speed of the rupture propagation, which are primarily governed by a fault-weakening friction law constrained by the TP effect. Along the shallow part of the fault (0–10 km depth), fault-weakening properties such as yield shear stress and dynamic frictional stress determined by our fault-rock analyses were applied (Methods).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Near-trench slip potential of megaquakes evaluated from fault properties and conditions

Hirono

Tsuda

Tanikawa

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Near-trench slip during large megathrust earthquakes (megaquakes) is an important factor in the generation of destructive tsunamis. We proposed a new approach to assessing the near-trench slip potential quantitatively by integrating laboratory-derived properties of fault materials and simulations of fault weakening and rupture propagation. Although the permeability of the sandy Nankai Trough materials are higher than that of the clayey materials from the Japan Trench, dynamic weakening by thermally pressurized fluid is greater at the Nankai Trough owing to higher friction, although initially overpressured fluid at the Nankai Trough restrains the fault weakening. Dynamic rupture simulations reproduced the large slip near the trench observed in the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake and predicted the possibility of a large slip of over 30 m for the impending megaquake at the Nankai Trough. Our integrative approach is applicable globally to subduction zones as a novel tool for the prediction of extreme tsunami-producing near-trench slip.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As in previous two-dimensional dynamic rupture simulations of the Tohoku-oki earthquake591, we used the spectral element method (SEM2DPACK)22 with a grid spacing of 1 km. A uniform elastic medium was assumed with a density of 2600 kg m –3 , P-wave velocity of 6.30 km s –1 , and S-wave velocity of 3.54 km s –1 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near-trench slip potential of megaquakes evaluated from fault properties and conditions

Hirono

Tsuda

Tanikawa

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…Here we summarize results of our numerical tests to determine the value of the adjustable parameter η and the regions of applicability of 1 1 2 a a′ = , 2 a and UR a estimates. We utilized two implementations of the spectral boundary integral equation method for 2D rupture dynamics (Morrisey and Geubelle, 1997;Cochard and Rice, 2000;Lapusta et al, 2000), the BIMAT-PCSI code for mode II rupture (Rubin and Ampuero, 2007;Ampuero, 2008a) and the SBIEMLAB code for mode III rupture (Ampuero, 2008b). In both cases, we used a spatial discretization of 14.65 m, which is 40 times smaller than the static process zone size 0 617 Λ = m, which we found to be largely sufficient for proper numerical resolution of dynamic rupture problems with slip-weakening friction (Day et al, 2005 Additionally, we considered three overstress levels in the asperity -low, medium and high, corresponding to 0.00005%, 0.5% and 5% of the strength excess, (…”

Section: Appendix B: Verification and Calibration Of The Theoretical mentioning

confidence: 99%

Initiation and Arrest of Earthquake Ruptures due to Elongated Overstressed Regions

Gális¹,

Ampuero²,

Mai³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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The initiation of natural and induced earthquakes is promoted in fault areas where the shear stress is close to fault strength. In many important situations, these overstressed fault areas (or “asperities”) are very elongated; for example, in the case of a fault intersecting a reservoir subject to fluid-injection, or the stress concentration along the bottom of a seismogenic zone induced by deep fault creep. Theoretical estimates of the minimum overstressed asperity size leading to runaway rupture and of the final size of self-arrested ruptures are only available for 2D problems and for 3D problems with an asperity aspect ratio close to one. In this study, we determine how the nucleation of ruptures on elongated asperities, and their ensuing arrest, depend on the size and aspect ratio of the asperity and on the background stress. Based on a systematic set of 3D dynamic rupture simulations assuming linear slip-weakening friction, we find that if the shortest asperity side is smaller than the 2D critical length, the problem effectively reduces to a 2D problem in which rupture nucleation and arrest are controlled by the shortest length of the asperity. Otherwise, nucleation and rupture arrest are controlled by the asperity area, with a minor exception: for asperities with shortest side slightly larger than the 2D critical length, arrested ruptures are smaller than predicted by the asperity area. The fact that rupture arrest is dominantly controlled by area, even for elongated asperities, corroborates the finding that observed maximum magnitudes of earthquakes induced by fluid injection are consistent with the theoretical relation between the magnitude of the largest self-arrested rupture and the injected volume (Galis et al., 2017). In context of induced seismicity, our simulations provide plausible scenarios that could be either favourable or challenging for traffic light systems, and provide mechanical insights into the conditions leading to these situations.

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A study of variability in Botrytis /

Cited by 2 publications

References 35 publications

Near-trench slip potential of megaquakes evaluated from fault properties and conditions

Near-trench slip potential of megaquakes evaluated from fault properties and conditions

Initiation and Arrest of Earthquake Ruptures due to Elongated Overstressed Regions

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