“…In the region where I L is less than the threshold intensity I ablation for ablation or vapourization (non-ablation region; NAR), thermal desorption of hydrogen isotopes occurs [3,5,6,9,11,13,17]. When I L is larger than I ablation (ablation region; AR), sublimation of both carbon materials and hydrogen isotopes occurs, and ablative removal starts [3,7,8,10,12,[14][15][16][18][19][20].…”