A Study of Thyroid Hormone Levels in Beetal Goats During Different Development Stages

Abstract

Thyroid hormones are the key regulators of mammalian physiological functions. These hormones have been shown to be crucial for growth, development, energy metabolism and reproduction (Eiler, 2005). These hormones are known to be important modulators of developmental processes and general metabolism in mammals (Kaneko et al., 2008). They also play an important role in defense against infection through the modulation of innate immune cell function (Spek et al., 2017). Changes in the concentrations of serum thyroxine (T 4) and tri-iodothyronine (T 3) of sheep in seasonal heat and cold stress have already been investigated (Dhanda et al., 2001). Circadian variation in thyroid hormones levels have also been reported in domestic animals (Nazifi et al., 2008).

Study Of Some Biochemical Parameters in Dose During Pregnancy in Goats

“…The level of urea found in the single fetus pregnant goat was found to be 25.94±2.74 mg/dl early pregnancy and rose to 39.05±2.4 mg/dl in the later stages. While in the twin fetus goats 34.79±3.22 mg/dl of urea was recorded at early stage of the pregnancy and 42.3±2.91 mg/dl of urea was recorded in later stage (Madan et al, 2019a). The results are in conformity with what was obtained in this work.…”

“…This might be due to increase in metabolic and physiological activities in the body of the pregnant goats, which so vital in the development of fetus. The level of S urea in goats was reported to vary between the single and twin fetus during the early stages of pregnancy and late pregnancy as reported by (Madan et al, 2019b). The level of urea found in the single fetus pregnant goat was found to be 25.94±2.74 mg/dl early pregnancy and rose to 39.05±2.4 mg/dl in the later stages.…”

“…Livestock are generally reared all over the world and considered as the major source's meat, dairy product for human consumption and skin for clothing and other uses, hence these animals are economically important. In Africa and Middle East, Sheep and Goats rearing play significant socioeconomic role for small and large scale farmers (Madan et al, 2019a). Goats are generally considered as one of the important livestock that can be reared with little cost under very harsh climatic condition.…”

Changes in plasma biochemical parameters and hormones during transition period in Beetal goats carrying single and twin fetus

“…An increase in glucose concentration at parturition may be due to the high concentration of glucocorticoid hormones such as cortisol, which promotes an increase in hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis from glucose precursors as it is major energy substrate for the developing fetus, uterus, and placenta [ 9 , 10 ]. In the last trimester of gestation, glucose level was higher in goats carrying twins due to higher demand by fetus, as it was found a positive correlation between fetal abdominal circumference and maternal blood glucose levels [ 11 ].…”