A study of the utility of novel non-invasive urinary and serum biomarkers of blunt kidney injury in a rat model: NGAL, KIM-1, and IL-18

Abstract

This study investigated changes in the concentrations of serum and urine neutrophil gelatinase lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), interleukin 18 (IL-18), and cystatin-C (Cys-C) induced by parenchymal and tubular damage following blunt kidney trauma, as well as their potential utility as biomarkers in the detection and follow-up of patients with suspected blunt renal trauma. Three-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 18) were divided into three groups (n = 6 in each): group 1: control group (no intervention); group 2: sham group (explorative surgery and exposure of the left kidneys); and group 3: trauma group (explorative surgery and induction of blunt renal trauma of the left kidneys). Serum and urine samples were collected before and 12-24, 36-48, and 60-72 hours later for NGAL, KIM-1, IL-18, and Cys-C measurements. In the trauma group, there was a statistically significant increase in post-operative NGAL, KIM-1, and IL-18 values after 12-24 h and 36-48 h, as compared with pre-operative values. There was also a statistically significant increase in post-operative serum and urine Cys-C values after 60-72 h, as compared with pre-operative values. NGAL, KIM-1, and IL-18 may represent novel non-invasive descriptive candidate biomarkers of early-stage tubular damage in children with renal trauma.

Value of urine IL-8, NGAL and KIM-1 for the early diagnosis of acute kidney injury in patients with ureteroscopic lithotripsy related urosepsis

“…For example, urine IL-18 combined with KIM-1 is considered to have the best diagnostic value for AKI that already exists, and urine NGAL combined with IL-18 is the best marker for the diagnosis of early AKI, while urine Nacetyl-beta-glucosamynidase combined with KIM-1 and IL-18 is an ideal marker for the prognosis of AKI. 21 , 22 In this study, the ROC curve showed that the combined marker of IL-18, NGAL and KIM-1 at hour 12 had the largest AUC for the diagnosis of AKI with the best sensitivity and specificity, which was helpful for the early diagnosis of AKI caused by sepsis. Urine collection can be performed at 12 h after URL to assess AKI risk.…”

Serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin for predicting anemia of inflammation in children with urinary tract infection

“…Proximal tubule damage causes an increase in the concentration of NGAL in the urine, while damage to the distal part of the nephron causes increased synthesis and release of NGAL into the blood and the urine [13]. NGAL is a well-known diagnostic and prognostic marker of AKI [13][14][15] and chronic kidney disease (CKD) [16]. The clinical usefulness of NGAL has been demonstrated in systemic infections [9], including urinary tract infections (UTI) in children [17][18][19].…”

Establishment of Galectin-3 Time-resolved Fluoroimmunoassay and its Application in Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy

“…The correlation coe cient (R) between the Gal-3-TRFIA assay and commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits was 0.83. KIM-1 [19,20] and TIM-3 [21] were also found to be elevated in a variety of nephropathy and were selected as potential interferers for the test, which showed no effect on the measured Gal-3 concentration. Serum Gal-3 levels are negatively correlated with renal function.…”