This chapter reviews the use of engineering polymers and short-fibre reinforced thermoplastics for machine elements such as gears, cams and pulleys where the polymers are in non-conformal contact. Both twin-disc testing and gear tests are examined for a variety of engineering polymers as well as the effects of temperature, fibrereinforcement and geometry on performance. Gear efficiency, failure mechanisms and wear of polymer gears are also covered in detail. Finally polymer gears for high-performance applications are considered together with the effects of external lubrication.