A Study of the Teeth of a Group of School Children Previously Examined for Rickets

Eliot, Martha M.; Souther, Susan P.; Anderson, Bert G.; Arnim, Sumter S.

doi:10.1001/archpedi.1934.01960170003001

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…16 Although some clinicians are unfamiliar with research on vitamin D in caries and enamel hypoplasia, several historical studies have reported that vitamin D supplementation may prevent caries in children. [17][18][19][20] A recent meta-analysis of these studies confirmed the early findings. 21 New research suggests that vitamin D plays a role in the human immune response 22 and may reduce host resistance to cariogenic bacteria.…”

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confidence: 53%

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Prenatal Vitamin D and Dental Caries in Infants

Lavelle²,

et al. 2014

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Many young children are at risk for caries, which is the most common chronic disease of childhood. As primary teeth begin to develop in utero, prenatal influences are believed to affect the integrity of enamel and subsequent resistance to decay. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:This study shows, for the first time, that maternal prenatal 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels may have an influence on the primary dentition and the development of early childhood caries. Specifically, lower levels are associated with increased risk of caries in infants. abstract OBJECTIVES: Inadequate maternal vitamin D (assessed by using 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25OHD]) levels during pregnancy may affect tooth calcification, predisposing enamel hypoplasia and early childhood caries (ECC). The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between prenatal 25OHD concentrations and dental caries among offspring during the first year of life.METHODS: This prospective cohort study recruited expectant mothers from an economically disadvantaged urban area. A prenatal questionnaire was completed and serum sample drawn for 25OHD. Dental examinations were completed at 1 year of age while the parent/ caregiver completed a questionnaire. The examiner was blinded to mothers' 25OHD levels. A P value # .05 was considered significant. RESULTS:Overall, 207 women were enrolled (mean age: 19 6 5 years). The mean 25OHD level was 48 6 24 nmol/L, and 33% had deficient levels. Enamel hypoplasia was identified in 22% of infants; 23% had cavitated ECC, and 36% had ECC when white spot lesions were included in the assessment. Mothers of children with ECC had significantly lower 25OHD levels than those whose children were caries-free (41 6 20 vs 52 6 27 nmol/L; P = .05). Univariate Poisson regression analysis for the amount of untreated decay revealed an inverse relationship with maternal 25OHD. Logistic regression revealed that enamel hypoplasia (P , .001), infant age (P = .002), and lower prenatal 25OHD levels (P = .02) were significantly associated with ECC.CONCLUSIONS: This study found that maternal prenatal 25OHD levels may have an influence on the primary dentition and the development of ECC. Pediatrics 2014;133:e1277-e1284

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confidence: 53%

“…31,32 A recent meta-analysis revealed that supplementation with vitamin D 2 , vitamin D 3 , or ultraviolet light lowered the risk for caries. 21 It has also been suggested that 25OHD concentrations between 75 and 100 nmol/L offer protection against caries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal Vitamin D and Dental Caries in Infants

Lavelle²,

et al. 2014

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“…A reduction in the amount of secreted enamel matrix (inferred from a reduction in spacing between Retzius lines) has also been shown to correspond to a surface hypoplasia in wild boar and domestic pigs (Witzel, et al, 2006), while a recovery in enamel secretion after a systemic insult (increased fluoride) has been documented for roe and red deer (Kierdorf and Kierdorf, 1997). Like these studies, the M 1 in this study may also have retained a record of a systemic event that produced the reduction in enamel secretion in response to, for example, the type of juvenile illness that corresponds to some types of hypoplasia (e.g., Eliot et al, 1934;Pindborg, 1982). The subsequent return to normal rates of matrix secretion over a period of 15 weeks could then be described as a type of 'catch-up growth', which is commonly seen in nondental skeletal and somatic growth (Prader et al, 1963).…”

Section: Daily Secretion Ratesmentioning

confidence: 66%

Intraspecific variation in M1 enamel development in modern humans: implications for human evolution

Mahoney

2008

Journal of Human Evolution

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The timing and sequence of enamel development, as well as enamel thickness, was documented for individual cusps (protoconid, hypoconid, metaconid, entoconid) in 15 unworn permanent lower first molars (M 1 s) from a sample of modern human juveniles. These data were compared with previously published data for modern and fossil species reported in the literature.Crown formation in all teeth was initiated in the protoconid and completed in the hypoconid. These cusps had significantly longer formation times (2.91 and 2.96 yrs, respectively) than the metaconid and entoconid (2.52 and 2.38 yrs, respectively), as well as thicker enamel, and each represented between 92e95% of the total crown formation time. Rates of enamel secretion in all cusps increased significantly from 2.97 mmin the inner enamel to 4.47 mm in the outer enamel. Two cusps of one individual were studied in more detail and did not follow this typical trajectory. Rather, there was a sharp decrease in the middle of enamel formation and then a slow recovery of secretion rates from the midto outer enamel. This anomalous trajectory of enamel formation is discussed in the context of other nondental tissue responses to illness. Neither secretion rates nor periodicity differed significantly when compared between the cusps of each molar.Differences in cusp formation times, initiation, and completion suggest a relationship between the rates of enamel formation and enamel thickness. This fits with expectations about the mechanics of the chewing cycle and general lower molar morphology. A comparison with similar data for some nonhuman primates and fossil hominoids suggests this relationship may hold true across several primate taxa. Other aspects of enamel growth differed between this human sample and certain fossil species. The lower molars formed slowly over a longer period of time, which may reflect the extended growth period of modern humans. The methodological approach adopted in this study is discussed in the context of that used in other studies.

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“…These changes can affect the cranial vault, long bones, pelvis, ribs, and vertebrae. In conjunction with the skeletal pathologies of rickets, abnormalities in dentition are common, particularly linear enamel hypoplasia, pitting, dental opacities, and caries [98][99][100]. Considering that there are no bending deformities, flaring, porosity of the cortical bone, and dental opacities and while hypoplasia is not limited to linear defects, rickets in B70 is unlikely.…”

Section: Differential Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of Mercurial Teeth in a Possible Case of Congenital Syphilis and Tuberculosis in a 19th Century Child Skeleton

Ioannou

Henneberg

et al. 2015

Journal of Anthropology

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Without the presence of “caries sicca,” “sabre shins,” and nodes/expansion of the long bones with superficial cavitation, differential diagnosis of venereal syphilis and tuberculosis (TB) may be difficult as various infections produce similar responses. However, congenital syphilis has distinctive features facilitating a diagnosis. A case study of remains of a juvenile European settler (probably male, 8–10 years old) (B70) buried in the 19th century and excavated in 2000 from the cemetery of the Anglican Church of St. Marys in South Australia is presented. B70 demonstrated that the two diseases might have been present in the same individual, congenital syphilis and TB. Widespread destruction of vertebral bodies and kyphosis-related rib deformations indicate advanced TB. Severe dental hypoplasia is limited to permanent incisors and first molars; there is pitting on the palate, periosteal reaction on the skull vault, and thinned clavicles. Dental signs are not limited to “screwdriver” central incisors and mulberry molars. Apical portions of the crowns of permanent upper, lower, central, and lateral incisors have multiple hypoplastic-disorganized defects; deciduous canines have severely hypoplastic crowns while possibly hypoplastic occlusal surfaces of lower deciduous second molars are largely destroyed by extensive caries. These dental abnormalities resemble teeth affected by mercurial treatment in congenital syphilitic patients as described by Hutchinson.

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A Study of the Teeth of a Group of School Children Previously Examined for Rickets

Cited by 22 publications

References 9 publications

Prenatal Vitamin D and Dental Caries in Infants

Prenatal Vitamin D and Dental Caries in Infants

Intraspecific variation in M1 enamel development in modern humans: implications for human evolution

Diagnosis of Mercurial Teeth in a Possible Case of Congenital Syphilis and Tuberculosis in a 19th Century Child Skeleton

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