A Study of the Silvering Process of the Gallo‐roman Coins Forged During the Third Century Ad*

Deraisme, Aurélie; Beck, Lucile; Pilon, Fabien; Barrandon, Jean-Noël

doi:10.1111/j.1475-4754.2006.00267.x

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…These results are in a good agreement with the SEM (Figs (c) and 2 (d)) and line scan analysis (see below), which confirmed that the top layer is almost pure silver, which covers a core with a significantly lower amount of silver. Our results are in a good agreement with previous papers dealing with ancient and medieval coins (Linke et al ; Deraisme et al ). The formation of the surface layer could be explained by blanching technology.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

“…The resulting compact silver layer protects the internal part of the coin, with a higher copper content, against corrosion and suggests that the minted coins are made of a much higher‐quality metal. The silvering process was very often abused by the coin issuer, as is already known from ancient Rome (Deraisme et al ). The inhomogeneity of the coin alloy can easily be observed by the optical microscope on a metallographic cross‐section (Figs (a) and 2 (b)), due to the immiscibility of Ag–Cu (NIST ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of the Fineness of Medieval Coins—Evaluation of Methods in a Case Study of a Medieval Pfennig

et al. 2017

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The original fineness of coins is very important information that can help us to understand the commercial situation in a wide historical context. This paper deals with a comparison of analytical methods suitable for the evaluation of the actual and original fineness of coins based on a detailed case study of a medieval coin sample. Both non-destructive (i.e., scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence, atomic force microscopy and hydrostatic weighing) and destructive (i.e., inductively coupled plasmamass spectrometry and the Volhard titration method) techniques were used. The original fineness can be also deduced from knowledge of the internal structure of the coin (limited miscibility of copper and silver). A new analytical method based on a combination of a micrograph of the metallographic cross-section with consequent image analysis was developed for determination of the original fineness. The proposed approach is relatively simple and provides reliable values. Sample heterogeneity and its impact on the determination of fineness are also discussed.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the Fineness of Medieval Coins—Evaluation of Methods in a Case Study of a Medieval Pfennig

et al. 2017

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“…н.э.? По-видимому, нет: результаты картирования химических элементов на поверхности статера Савромата IV № 2151 (как и монет Тейрана) демонстрируют отсутствие ртути 46 , что косвенно свидетельствует в пользу использования техники горячей плакировки монет серебряной фольгой (в случае с боспорскими монетами -золотосеребряной), что также доказано экспериментально для римских монет 47 . Метод горячей плакировки известен в римском монетном деле более раннего периода 48 , а также в чеканке Галльской Империи III в. н.э.…”

Section: сравнение с римскими серебряными номиналамиunclassified

“…Метод горячей плакировки известен в римском монетном деле более раннего периода 48 , а также в чеканке Галльской Империи III в. н.э. 49…”

Section: сравнение с римскими серебряными номиналамиunclassified

THE SILVER CONTENT OF SAUROMATES IV’s STATERS

Abramzon¹,

Saprykina²,

Смекалова³

2018

HPCS

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Аннотация. В 275/276 г. н.э. после семилетнего перерыва возобновилась боспорская чеканка. Однако состав металла и техника изготовления новых статеров Савромата IV и Тейрана заметно отличаются от прежних выпусков Рескупорида V. В статье публикуются результаты исследования химического состава металла статеров Савромата IV по данным Фанагорского клада 2011 г. Анализ металла по методу РФА выявил содержание серебра в пределах от 7-8 до 9-10%, что выше чем в статерах Тейрана (в среднем 5-6%). Серебряные монеты этих боспорских царей сопоставимы с современными им римскими серебряными номиналами (антонинианами), как по содержанию серебра в сплаве, так и, возможно, по технологии нанесения серебряного покрытия. Исследование показало, что статеры Савромата IV (как и все статеры Тейрана регулярного чекана), содержащие небольшое количество серебра, подобно антонинианам и денариям того времени, подвергались серебрению поверхности. Предполагается, что монетные кружки-заготовки обертывались в серебряную фольгу и нагревались до 950°, а затем подвергались холодной проковке. Ключевые слова: Боспор, Римская империя, Савромат IV, монетная техника, статеры, антонинианы, процесс серебрения, РФА Данные об авторах. Абрамзон Михаил Григорьевич-доктор исторических наук, профессор, директор НИИ исторической антропологии и филологии Магнитогорского государственного технического университета им. Г.И. Носова; Сапрыкина Ирина Анатольевна-кандидат исторических наук, научный сотрудник Отдела сохранения археологического наследия Института археологии РАН; Смекалова Татьяна Николаевна-доктор исторических наук, заведующий отделом естественнонаучных методов в археологии Крыма Научно-исследовательского центра истории и археологии Крыма Крымского федерального университета им. В.И. Вернадского. Статья подготовлена при поддержке РНФ в рамках проекта № 18-18-00193 «Начальный период истории денег: переход от полновесной монеты к знаку условной стоимости».

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“…The analytical examination of silver and silver-plated cultural heritage objects is no exception [5][6][7][8]. Most of the past and present scientific studies of these silver or silver-plated objects, deal with on the examination of coins [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22], or jewelry [23]from ancient and medieval cultures. Although some studies have been performed on more modern silver alloy objects [24][25][26][27][28], there still exist a void for the study and characterization of electroplated silver objects from the Modernist movement of the late 19 th and early 20 th Century.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complementary analytical methods for analysis of Ag-plated cultural heritage objects

Carl

Young

2016

Microchemical Journal

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In a preliminary study of American silver plated cultural heritage objects with the Dallas Museum of Art (DMA), variable plating thickness was observed, which complicates non-destructive characterization of the base metal. Therefore, it is the objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness of three nondestructive complementary analytical methods to characterize both the plating and base metal of a typical silver Ag-plated object and to contrast these results with conventional destructive metallographic methods. An externally purchased sacrificial "Century" fork was chosen for this study and is similar to one found in the DMA's collection. First conventional destructive metallographic methods, where crosssections were taken and then characterized using optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), were employed in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the non-destructive methods. The first non-destructive method, synchrotron radiation X-Ray diffraction (SR-XRD), reveals the plating thickness, texture related to processing methods, and the phases present in both the base metal and plating. The second method , dual beam focused ion beam (FIB) / (SEM) equipped with an (EDS) system, provides elemental composition of both the plating and base metal, as well as imaging of the plating thickness and grain structure, giving some insight into processing methods. The last non-destructive method, handheld X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy, provides qualitative elemental compositions of both the plating and base metals. Each non-destructive analytical method yields complementary results about the composition, plating thickness, texture, and phases present in the plating and base metals of the Ag-plated "Century" fork and aids in the verification of the results from the other methods. Through these methods, we show that successful characterization of Agplated cultural heritage objects is possible non-destructively, thus maintaining the object's structural, historical and artistic integrity.

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A Study of the Silvering Process of the Gallo‐roman Coins Forged During the Third Century Ad*

Cited by 17 publications

References 4 publications

Determination of the Fineness of Medieval Coins—Evaluation of Methods in a Case Study of a Medieval Pfennig

Determination of the Fineness of Medieval Coins—Evaluation of Methods in a Case Study of a Medieval Pfennig

THE SILVER CONTENT OF SAUROMATES IV’s STATERS

Complementary analytical methods for analysis of Ag-plated cultural heritage objects

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