A Study of the Magnetic Field of the Moon

Dolginov, Sh. Sh.; Eroshenko, E. A.; Zhuzgov, L. I.; Pushkov, N. V.

doi:10.1017/s0074180900178088

Cited by 6 publications

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References 2 publications

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“…Since very little of the distortion arises from propagation effects (as discussed later), the resultant hooks from a combination of any two field models shown here can be synthesized by connecting (at the point of minimum emitted frequency 10) the falling part of one hook with the rising part of another. It should also be remembered that, 'in the majority of cases, some or all of the falling branch will be missing, as discussed previously (Dowden 1962). Thus the obserVed events shoWn in Figure 2 appear to correspond to those shown for model 5 of Figure 3.…”

supporting

confidence: 53%

“…In this case the variation of frequency emitted by an electron spiralling along a field line is produced entirely by the variation of magnetic field (or gyro frequency) along the path. This is shown in Figure 1 For a dipole magnetic field, consideration of electron travel times and wave group propagation times gives the spectrogram shapes of "hooks" for hemisphere to hemisphere traverses and those .of "falling tones", "risers", and "pseudo noses" for incomplete traverses (Dowden 1962). However, many discrete emissions have distorted spectrograms which cannot be explained by the theory, if a dipole field is assumed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, to demonstrate the effect a number of ~ypothetical ~nomalies of 54 gamma (!l.h = 1· 5 kc/s) were assumed. These models are shown in Figure 3 together with the resulting distorted hooks calculated from the integrals for electron travel times and wave group propagation times given previously (Dowden 1962). Field lines were chosen so that the minimum gyro frequency ho = 15 kc/s.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effect of Magnetic Anomalies on Very Low Frequency Discrete Emissions

Dowden¹

1963

Aust. J. Phys.

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The author has suggested (Dowden 1962) that. the spectrogram (frequency v. time) shapes of V.L.F. discrete emissions can be explained as Doppler-shifted cyclotron radiation from electrons spiralling along a geomagnetic field line away from the observer. The emission frequency is given by Eidman (1958), It is reasonable to assume that y and ,8 are constant, that the electron density in the exosphere is everywhere proportional to the magnetic field, that 8 is either constant or a function of h only, and that ifo is given by the invariance of magnetic moment: sin 2 ifo/sin 2 ifoo = hlho, where subscript zero can refer to any known point such as the equatorial plane or point of minimum magnetic field. In this case the variation of frequency emitted by an electron spiralling along a field line is produced entirely by the variation of * Manuscript

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confidence: 99%

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Effect of Magnetic Anomalies on Very Low Frequency Discrete Emissions

Dowden¹

1963

Aust. J. Phys.

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“…The search for evidence of past or present lunar magnetism was one of the objectives of the very first missions to the Moon. The second robotic mission to the Moon, Luna 2 in 1959, carried a magnetometer that found no sign of a detectable global magnetic field (Dolginov et al 1962). After this was confirmed by Explorer 35 (Sonett et al 1967), the Moon was generally thought to be magnetically uninteresting, in agreement with the preconception that the Moon was too small to have sustained a dynamo field.…”

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confidence: 94%

Constraining the Evolutionary History of the Moon and the Inner Solar System: A Case for New Returned Lunar Samples

et al. 2019

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The Moon is the only planetary body other than the Earth for which samples have been collected in situ by humans and robotic missions and returned to Earth. Scientific investigations of the first lunar samples returned by the Apollo 11 astronauts 50 years ago transformed the way we think most planetary bodies form and evolve. Identification of anorthositic clasts in Apollo 11 samples led to the formulation of the magma ocean concept, and by extension the idea that the Moon experienced large-scale melting and differentiation. This concept of magma oceans would soon be applied to other terrestrial planets and large asteroidal bodies. Dating of basaltic fragments returned from the Moon also showed that a relatively small planetary body could sustain volcanic activity for more than a billion years after its formation. Finally, studies of the lunar regolith showed that in addition to containing a treasure trove of the Moon's history, it also provided us with a rich archive of the past 4.5 billion years of evolution of the inner Solar System. Further investigations of samples returned from the Moon over the past five decades led to many additional discoveries, but also raised new and fundamental questions that are difficult to address with currently available samples, such as those related to the age of the Moon, duration of lunar volcanism, the

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Exploration of the Moon by Soviet Spacecraft

Basilevsky

2003

Encyclopedia of Space Science and Technology

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Launches of Soviet spacecraft to the Moon started on 2 January 1959, only 15 months after the launch of the first Sputnik. The full list of missions to the Moon is given. It includes all officially declared Soviet lunar missions. According to some sources there were also several failed Soviet attempts to send spacecraft to the Moon, when for various reasons, spacecraft stayed in Earth orbit or failed even earlier. They have never been officially recognized by the Soviet Union as lunar missions, and this is why they are not mentioned here. In total, there were 29 Soviet missions to the Moon. Of them, 20 were successful, one was partly successful, and eight missions failed. Twenty‐four missions were named Luna (the Moon, in Russian); five missions were named Zond (probe, in Russian). All Soviet missions to the Moon were robotic, although there was a program of Soviet manned flights to the Moon, which was canceled in the late 1960s because of failures of the heavy booster rocket necessary for those flights. It is necessary to mention that in the 1960s–1970s, when the Soviet Union sent spacecraft to the Moon, the space activity of both the Soviet Union and the United States was strongly politically motivated. The Soviet Union, by sending numerous lunar missions, wanted to demonstrate the superiority of its political system. The Apollo mission to the Moon, the backbone of the U.S. space program of that time, was a response to the challenge of Soviet space activity. This article gives details on the various Soviet missions and there findings.

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A Study of the Magnetic Field of the Moon

Abstract: The question as to whether the planets and their satellites possess magnetic fields unavoidably arose in connection with the question as to the origin of the Earth's mágnetic field and the nature of a number of geophysical effects.

Cited by 6 publications

References 2 publications

Effect of Magnetic Anomalies on Very Low Frequency Discrete Emissions

Effect of Magnetic Anomalies on Very Low Frequency Discrete Emissions

Constraining the Evolutionary History of the Moon and the Inner Solar System: A Case for New Returned Lunar Samples

Exploration of the Moon by Soviet Spacecraft

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