A study of the LoRa signal propagation in forest, urban, and suburban environments

Ferreira, Adésio; Ortiz, Fernando Molano; Costa, Luís Henrique M. K.; Foubert, Brandon; Amadou, Ibrahim; Mitton, Nathalie

doi:10.1007/s12243-020-00789-w

Cited by 49 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…Results obtained from SFs are analyzed in Section 4.2.2. Also, unlike [18] we focus on LoRaWAN and communication deviceto-gateway. As far as we know this is the first study to evaluate and comparing both commercial and assembled tracking devices in a LoRaWAN network.…”

Section: Geolocation and Tracking Through Lora/lorawanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although studies such as [18,19,14] have carried out evaluations with mobile nodes in the LoRaWAN network, all of them have fixed the SF=12. Our result indicates that the best coverage of the T-Beam is due to the SF variation and not only due to its superior hardware.…”

Section: Coordinatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, the qualitative analysis indicated that the T-Beam was able to vary the spreading factor while moving and it may be contributed to the better performance of this device. Different from [18,19,14] we do not set a fixed spread factor. Thus, the T-Beam programmed using the LMIC library presented the best cost-benefit between the assessed devices.…”

Section: Final Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our experiments, the relative speed was 20 km/h. New experiments with higher speed can be carried out to verify the statements in [14,18] that when the relative speed exceeds 40 km/h the performance of the communication deteriorates.…”

Section: Final Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this paper we perform experimental investigations to evaluate commercial and assembled LoRaWAN tracker devices aiming to understand the behaviour of such devices in order to select the most suitable to be installed in the recycling garbage trucks in the future. Although the literature presents important investigations on how to correctly configure LoRa parameters, including when there are mobile nodes, in different environments [18,19,14,20], as far as we know there are no practical evaluations comparing comercial and non-comercial LoRaWAN tracking. Furthermore, each environment presents particular a set of characteristics that make it unique and challenging for radio propagation, as vegetation, climate, Line-of-Sign (Los), etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deployment of a Lorawan Network and Evaluation of Tracking Devices in the Context of Smart Cities

Camargo

Spanhol

Souza

2020

Preprint

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Recent public cooperation between the Federal University of Technology Paraná and Toledo Municipality plans to implement the concept of smart cities in this city. In this context, one of the applications under development intends to track the recyclable garbage collector trucks in real time over the Internet. Actually, fleet vehicle tracking is one of the main applications for smart cities. LoRaWAN stands out among network technologies for smart cities due to operating in an open frequency range, covering long distances with low power consumption and low equipment cost. However, the coverage and performance of LoRaWAN is directly affected by both the environment and configuration parameters. In addition, tracking devices must be able to send its coordinates to the Internet even when the vehicle goes through zones where there are obstacles for electromagnetic waves, such as elevated buildings or valleys. In this paper we perform experimental investigations to evaluate four LoRaWAN tracking devices, two out of the box commercial and two assembled and programmed. The behavior of each tracking device is analyzed when moving through three representative urban areas. As the devices depend on the quality of the signal offered by the network, we also present the results of the development and evaluation of the LoRaWAN network, planning its coverage throughout the city. Results of tracking devices were analyzed under quantitative and qualitative aspects, including the received signal strength indication (RSSI), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), package delivery ratio (PDR), and spreading factor (SF) for the geographic coordinates received.

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Section: Geolocation and Tracking Through Lora/lorawanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Coordinatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Final Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Final Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deployment of a Lorawan Network and Evaluation of Tracking Devices in the Context of Smart Cities

Camargo

Spanhol

Souza

2020

Preprint

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The role of low‐power wide‐area network technologies in Internet of Things: A systematic and comprehensive review

Mousavi

Khademzadeh

Rahmani

2021

Int J Communication

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Summary With the quick progress of wireless technologies, the Internet of Things (IoT) has been recognized as the main part of daily people's lives that makes their life more convenient by utilizing a diverse range of smart devices. Over the last decade, various useful and forthcoming application fields have been developed by taking advantage of the IoT concept. In this regard, LPWAN technologies such as LoRa, Sigfox, and NB‐IoT play an important role in advancing. These technologies are suitable wireless communication protocols for battery‐powered IoT objects that enable long‐distance communication in low‐power devices at a low operation cost. Some review papers have investigated the LPWAN technology in the IoT from different perspectives. However, the lack of detailed and systematic study outlining the role of these technologies in different IoT applications is very clear. Consequently, this gap inspired us to write the current study. The current works are classified into three main classes, including smart city, home automation, and smart healthcare. Besides, the involved models in the smart city group are categorized into five subgroups, including smart monitoring, smart metering, air pollution, smart agriculture, and smart parking. The selected works are reviewed, and their main features, including main idea, coverage range, sensor types, processing board, frequency band, communication protocols, power consumption analysis, and achievement, are specified. Generally, our main aim is to describe the challenging problems of applying LPWAN to various IoT applications, specify the efficient models, and recommend some hints for upcoming studies.

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An improved genetic algorithm approach to spectrum sensing for long range based cognitive radio networks

Yalçın

2022

Trans Emerging Tel Tech

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By designing cognitive radio networks (CRNs) for low power wide area networks (LPWANs), adaptive spectrum sensing plays an important role in using frequency bands effectively. With spectrum sensing, existing spectrum holes are filled by enabling secondary users to use the licensed band that primary users do not use. Many researchers have proposed various optimization or artificial intelligence techniques in CRNs for spectrum sensing. However, there is hardly any adaptive spectrum sensing method integrated into the LoRa communication standard, which is a very popular LPWAN technology. For this purpose, an adaptive optimization based spectrum sensing methodology with an improved genetic algorithm is proposed in this study. Depending on this methodology, two fitness functions adapted to the LoRa-based network are defined. Thanks to these functions, the movement of individuals in the network population is provided. In parallel, received signal strength values of optimum LoRa nodes were determined by genetic coding, and bands to be used by SUs instead of PUs were discovered considering minimum bit errors. To verify the success of the proposed method, various simulation experiments were carried out. The performance results strikingly show that the proposed method is quite successful for LoRa-CRNs. For example, the proposed method significantly improved the bit error rate performance, and reduced the number of faulty transmissions caused by packet collisions. It also reduced the packet error rate by more than 8% per minute in a 200-node network.

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A study of the LoRa signal propagation in forest, urban, and suburban environments

Cited by 49 publications

References 16 publications

Deployment of a Lorawan Network and Evaluation of Tracking Devices in the Context of Smart Cities

Deployment of a Lorawan Network and Evaluation of Tracking Devices in the Context of Smart Cities

The role of low‐power wide‐area network technologies in Internet of Things: A systematic and comprehensive review

An improved genetic algorithm approach to spectrum sensing for long range based cognitive radio networks

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