A study of the hydrogen evolution reaction on lead bismuth alloys in sulphuric acid solutions

Papageorgiou, Nikolaos S.; Skyllas‐Kazacos, Maria

doi:10.1016/0013-4686(92)85012-a

Cited by 19 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This metallic mercury-like behaving but nonmercury electrode consists of a bismuth film, electrolytically plated onto a carbon-based substrate electrode and provides advantages such as high hydrogen overpotential [34], low background, good mechanical stability and simple surface renewal by electrochemical deposition and removal of the bismuth film. In addition, in stark contrast to toxic mercury, bismuth is an innocuous element [35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cathodic Electrochemical Detection of Nitrophenols at a Bismuth Film Electrode for Use in Flow Analysis

2004

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The bismuth film electrode (BiFE) is presented for use in both batch voltammetric and flow injection (FI) amperometric detection of some nitrophenols (2-nitrophenol, 2-NP; 4-nitrophenol, 4-NP; 2,4-dinitrophenol, 2,4-DNP). The bismuth film was deposited ex situ (batch measurements) and in-line (FI) onto a glassy carbon substrate electrode. Batch analysis of the nitrophenols was carried out in 0.04 M Britton Robinson (BR) buffer pH 4, while for FI measurements, a carrier/electrolyte solution composed of 0.1 M BR buffer pH 4 mixed with methanol (20 þ 80, v/v%) was employed to resemble media used in preconcentration/clean-up and flow separation sample pretreatment procedures. Under batch conditions, the voltammetric behavior of the nitrophenols was examined for dependence on medium pH in the range of 2 to 10. Employing the square-wave voltammetry mode, the limits of detection were 0.4 mg L . The attractive performance of the BiFE under flow analysis conditions offers great promise with respect to its detection capability and to its use for a prolonged period of time with no need for inconvenient removal of the electrode from the system for mechanical surface treatment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cathodic Electrochemical Detection of Nitrophenols at a Bismuth Film Electrode for Use in Flow Analysis

2004

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“…Finally the research in the field of bismuth electrochemistry has demonstrated its applicability in the description of isotherms for describing specific adsorption of ions on electrodes with constant ionic strength 35 or kinetic studies of hydrogen reaction at various bismuth-containing lead binary alloy electrodes in aqueous sulfuric acid solutions. 36 All of the above makes Bismuth a material of increased interest for applications in recent years.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Growth of Bismuth for X-ray Absorbers

Cereceda-Company¹,

Costa‐Krämer²

2018

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Bismuth electroplating and fabrication efforts for its incorporation as an absorber in Superconducting Transition Edge X-ray Sensor devices are summarized. The bismuth films, a few microns thick, are grown using both aqueous and non-aqueous solutions. They are characterized by optical imaging, profilometry, X-ray diffraction, SEM, and by electrical transport (resistivity and Hall Effect) measurements from 30 to 310 K. While aqueous solutions produce an irregular rough and polycrystalline material, with very little chance to tune transport properties, films grown in non-aqueous solvents improve considerably homogeneity, surface roughness, and density. It is also demonstrated how the crystal texture of the films can be controlled with electroplating parameters. This allows orienting anisotropy axes directly during electroplating and thus tune electrical and thermal conductance depending on device requirements. This a significant step toward direct electrodeposition of Bi films with good transport properties, still a significant technological challenge. In order to have reasonable quantitative objectives for physical properties such as surface roughness, crystalline texture, electrical conductivity, etc. Bismuth films are also grown by Physical Vapor Deposition, characterized and compared with the electroplated.

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“…28 Finally, as the chemical and physical properties of Bi is similar to Pb, they will be separated with difficulty. [29][30][31] In the present research, effect of the main parameters on the zinc electrowinning has been studied with Taguchi method (L 25 ), signal-tonoise analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA) that were infrequent in literature. 32 Moreover, our goal was to determine a suitable alloy for anodes, among the alloys studied, based on their performances regarding increasing the current efficiency and decreasing the power consumption.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Influence of Anode Composition on Energy Consumption and Current Efficiency in Zinc Electrowinning

Dashti

Rashchi

Emamy

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The basic method for the electrolytic zinc production is an electrowinning process based on sulfate solutions. The major problems for this industry are low current efficiency and high energy consumption leading to deterioration in the quality of cathodic zinc. The most applied approach for overcoming the mentioned problems is altering the zinc electrowinning conditions. Using Taguchi orthogonal (L 25 ) array, five parameters (anode type, current density, sulfuric acid concentration, electrolyte temperature, and zinc concentration in electrolyte) at five different levels were selected to design and minimize the number of experiments. The experimental conditions were, zinc concentration of 50-80 g/L, acid concentration of 150-180 g/L, current density 500-1000 A/m 2 and five different anodes at 30-60 • C. Cast anodes of varying compositions that analyzed were Pb-Ag 0.5%, Pb-Ag 2%, Pb-Ag 0.5%-Sn 2%-Ca 1%, Pb-Ag 0.5%-Sn 2%-Bi 1%, and Pb-Ag 0.5%-Sn 2%-Sb 1%. The optimum conditions for the electrowinning process were anode composition: Pb-Ag 0.5%-Sn 2%-Sb 1%, current density: 500 A/m 2 , acid concentration: 165 g/L, electrolyte temperature: 50 • C and Zn concentration: 80 g/L. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that current density was the most important parameter. A smooth and compact structure in zinc deposits was obtained by using anode Pb-Ag 0.5%-Sn 2%-Sb 1%.

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A study of the hydrogen evolution reaction on lead bismuth alloys in sulphuric acid solutions

Cited by 19 publications

References 9 publications

Cathodic Electrochemical Detection of Nitrophenols at a Bismuth Film Electrode for Use in Flow Analysis

Cathodic Electrochemical Detection of Nitrophenols at a Bismuth Film Electrode for Use in Flow Analysis

Electrochemical Growth of Bismuth for X-ray Absorbers

The Influence of Anode Composition on Energy Consumption and Current Efficiency in Zinc Electrowinning

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