A study of the freezing of supercooled water dispersed within emulsions by differential scanning calorimetry

Broto, F.; Clausse, Danièle

doi:10.1088/0022-3719/9/23/009

Cited by 58 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…where n ice (T) is the number of frozen droplets at temperature T and n is the number of frozen droplets at the lowest temperature reached in the experiments (−50 • C), which is well below the freezing temperature for homogeneous ice nucleation (−39.55 • C) [52]. Each sample was examined four or five times, except for PINW, which was examined twice.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compositional and Mineralogical Effects on Ice Nucleation Activity of Volcanic Ash

et al. 2018

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Volcanic ash produced during explosive eruptions may serve as ice nuclei in the atmosphere, contributing to the occurrence of volcanic lightning due to tribocharging from ice-ice or ice-ash collisions. Here, different ash samples were tested using deposition-mode and immersion-mode ice nucleation experiments. Results show that bulk composition and mineral abundance have no measurable effect on depositional freezing at the temperatures tested, as all samples have similar ice saturation ratios. In the immersion mode, there is a strong positive correlation between K 2 O content and ice nucleation site density at −25 • C and a strong negative correlation between MnO and TiO 2 content at temperatures from −35 to −30 • C. The most efficient sample in the immersion mode has the highest surface area, smallest average grain size, highest K 2 O content, and lowest MnO content. These results indicate that although ash abundance-which creates more available surface area for nucleation-has a significant effect on immersion-mode freezing, composition may also contribute. Consequently, highly explosive eruptions of compositionally evolved magmas create the necessary parameters to promote ice nucleation on grain surfaces, which permits tribocharging due to ice-ice or ice-ash collisions, and contribute to the frequent occurrence of volcanic lightning within the eruptive column and plume during these events.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compositional and Mineralogical Effects on Ice Nucleation Activity of Volcanic Ash

et al. 2018

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“…The ways solidification and melting occur within emulsions have been described thoroughly in previous articles [6,[60][61][62][63][64][65]. Only the main points needed to understand the phenomena linked with them will be recalled in this article.…”

Section: Solidification and Melting Within Emulsionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another temperature has been introduced more for commodity reasons than for theoretical ones linked to the experimental procedure used to study a great number of droplets as it is the case in an emulsion. This temperature has been referred in the literature as the most probable freezing temperature T* [60,61,[74][75][76].…”

Section: Solidification Of a Single Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

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Freezing Within Emulsions: Theoretical Aspects and Engineering Applications

Clausse

Dalmazzone

2013

Oil Gas Sci. Technol. – Rev. IFP Energies nouvelles

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Re´sume´-Conge´lation dans les e´mulsions : aspects the´oriques et applications techniques -Cet article se concentre principalement sur le comportement a`la conge´lation des e´mulsions qui sont conside´re´es soit comme des syste`mes permettant d'obtenir des informations sur les mate´riaux en surfusion, soit comme des syste`mes disperse´s complexes implique´s dans les proce´de´s industriels. En raison du fait qu'il existe une phase disperse´e sous forme de fines gouttelettes dans les e´mulsions, des retards a`la solidification sont observe´s et les gouttelettes de liquide persistent meˆme en dessous du point de fusion du mate´riau. La corre´lation entre la tempe´rature de solidification des gouttelettes et leur taille peut eˆtre donc utilise´e pour suivre l'e´volution de la morphologie de l'e´mulsion en fonction du temps aussi bien sur terre que dans des conditions de microgravite´(projet FASES soutenu par l'ESA). Une description de ces phe´nome`nes observe´s principalement par microcalorime´trie sera donne´e pour des corps purs disperse´s ainsi que pour des solutions disperse´es. Dans certains cas, les e´mulsions peuvent eˆtre recherche´es pour leurs proprie´te´s spe´cifiques, telles que la grande taille de l'interface huile/eau, conduisant a`des transferts de masse ame´liore´s; les e´mulsions peuvent eˆtre par conse´quent utilise´es comme des membranes liquides pour l'extraction, le stockage et la libe´ration controˆle´e de matie`res actives. Dans d'autres cas, la formation d'e´mulsions a un effet ne´faste sur les proce´de´s, comme dans l'industrie pe´trolie`re ou`des e´mulsions eau-dans-pe´trole tre`s stables se forment facilement et compliquent l'ope´ration de de´shydratation du pe´trole brut.Abstract -Freezing Within Emulsions: Theoretical Aspects and Engineering Applications -This article is mainly focused on the freezing behaviour of emulsions which will be considered either as systems permitting to get information about undercooled materials or as complex dispersed systems involved in industrial processes. Due to the fact that there exists a phase dispersed as tiny droplets in emulsions, solidification delays are observed and liquid droplets are still observed under the melting points of pure materials. The correlation between the solidification temperature of the droplets and their size may be therefore used to follow the evolution of the emulsion morphology versus time on ground as in microgravity conditions (FASES project supported by ESA). A description of these phenomena mainly observed through microcalorimetry experiments will be given for dispersed pure materials as for dispersed solutions. In some cases, emulsions may be sought after for their specific properties, such as their large oil/ water interface, leading to enhanced mass transfers; emulsions may be consequently used as liquid membranes for extraction, storage and controlled release of active materials. In other cases, the formation of emulsions has a detrimental effect on the process. It is the case in the oil industry where very stable w...

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“…In order to approach the limit of homogeneous nucleation, much care must be taken in the preparation of the sample to avoid impurities, which may lead to heterogeneous nucleation. One method to achieve homogeneous nucleation takes advantage of extremely small volumes of ultra-pure water, which are immersed within oil emulsions (Broto and Clausse 1976). As the sample volume becomes smaller, there is a greater probability that impurities are absent from the liquid droplet.…”

Section: Homogeneous Nucleation Of Supercooled Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Supercooling of Water

Wilson¹

2012

Supercooling

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A study of the freezing of supercooled water dispersed within emulsions by differential scanning calorimetry

Cited by 58 publications

References 9 publications

Compositional and Mineralogical Effects on Ice Nucleation Activity of Volcanic Ash

Compositional and Mineralogical Effects on Ice Nucleation Activity of Volcanic Ash

Freezing Within Emulsions: Theoretical Aspects and Engineering Applications

Supercooling of Water

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