A study of the electrical conductivity of amorphous-crystalline selenium mixtures

Kotkata, M. F.; Kandil, K.M.

doi:10.1016/0025-5416(87)90521-0

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Selenium possesses similar chemical and electrochemical properties to sulfur, but orders of magnitude higher electrical conductivity. Selenium with an equilibrium trigonal structure has an electrical conductivity on the order of 10 −3 S m −1 , while amorphous Se has a conductivity on the order of 10 −11 S m −1 . For comparison sulfur is at 10 −27 S m −1 .…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Selenium Impregnated Monolithic Carbons as Free‐Standing Cathodes for High Volumetric Energy Lithium and Sodium Metal Batteries

Ding

Zhou

Zhang

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

137

113

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While lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are a ubiquitous commercial technology, [1,2] sodium ion batteries (NIBs) are receiving increasing scientific attention due to the much wider distributed reserves of Na precursors and the cost savings associated with an aluminum versus a copper anode current collector. [3][4][5][6][7] For both LIBs and NIBs, the gravimetric capacity of the cathode is lower than that of the anode. [8,9] On a volumetric basis, however, it is the graphite (LIBs) or the hard carbon (NIBs) anode that takes up the most room in a cell and is hence the "weakest link." Therefore, the general effort for both Li and Na technologies is to advance high capacity cathodes and simultaneously metal anodes. For instance lithium Energy density (energy per volume) is a key consideration for portable, automotive, and stationary battery applications. Selenium (Se) lithium and sodium metal cathodes are created that are monolithic and free-standing, and with record Se loading of 70 wt%. The carbon host is derived from nanocellulose, an abundant and sustainable forestry product. The composite is extremely dense (2.37 g cm −3 ), enabling theoretical volumetric capacity of 1120 mA h cm −3 . Such architecture is fully distinct from previous Se-carbon nano-or micropowders, intrinsically offering up to 2× higher energy density. For Li storage, the cathode delivers reversible capacity of 1028 mA h cm −3 (620 mA h g −1 ) and 82% retention over 300 cycles. For Na storage, 848 mA h cm −3 (511 mA h g −1 ) is obtained with 98% retention after 150 cycles. The electrodes yield superb volumetric energy densities, being 1727 W h L −1 for Li-Se and 980 W h L −1 for Na-Se normalized by total composite mass and volume. Despite the low surface area, over 60% capacity is maintained as the current density is increased from 0.1 to 2 C (30 min charge) with Li or Na. Remarkably, the electrochemical kinetics with Li and Na are comparable, including the transition from interfacial to diffusional control.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Selenium Impregnated Monolithic Carbons as Free‐Standing Cathodes for High Volumetric Energy Lithium and Sodium Metal Batteries

Ding

Zhou

Zhang

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

137

113

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Such separation by discipline of different author's experimental data brings about the possibility of obtaining different extracted pairs of σ 00 and E MN for each compositional system and crystalline. In such a double-phase system, the value of ΔE is controlled by the amount (volume) of crystalline phase on the expense of the amorphous one [31].…”

Section: Presence Of Mnr (E Mn >0)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Meyer–Neldel rule for dc activation processes in mixed isoelectronic chalcogens systems

Kotkata

2012

Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids

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“…The conductivity of amorphous Se will drop to the order of magnitude of 10 −11 S m −1 , which will be unfavorable for the electrochemical reaction. [ 16,17 ] In addition, the nonpolar carbon materials cannot effectively anchor and trap polar polyselenides due to the limited sites of conjugate nonpolar carbon planes. [ 18 ] Thus, a polar porous material might be selected for strong interactions with polar polyselenides toward efficient electrochemical process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

S‐Decorated Porous Ti₃C₂ MXene Combined with In Situ Forming Cu₂Se as Effective Shuttling Interrupter in Na–Se Batteries

et al. 2021

Advanced Materials

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Given natural abundance of Na and superior kinetics of Se, Na–Se batteries have attracted much attention but still face the problem of shuttling effect of soluble intermediates. The first‐principle calculations reveal the S‐decorated Ti3C2 exhibits increased binding energy to sodium polyselenides, suggesting a better capture and restriction on intermediates. The obtained Se@S‐decorated porous Ti3C2 (Se@S‐P‐Ti3C2) exhibits a high reversible capacity of 765 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 (calculated based on Se), ≈1.2, 1.3, and 1.7 times of Se@porous Ti3C2 (Se@P‐Ti3C2), Se@Ti3C2, and Se, respectively. It gives considerable capacity of 664 mAh g−1 at 20 A g−1 and impressive cycling stability over 2300 cycles with an ultralow capacity decay of 0.003% per cycle. The excellent electrochemical performance can be ascribed to the S‐modified porous Ti3C2, which provides effective immobilization toward polyselenides, makes full use of nanosized Se, and alleviates volume expansion during sodiation/desodiation. Additionally, in situ forming Cu2Se can generate Cu nanoparticles through discharge process and then transform polyselenides into solid‐phase Cu2Se, further suppressing the shuttling effect. This work provides a practical strategy to immobilize and transform sodium polyselenides for high‐capacity and long‐life Na–Se batteries.

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A study of the electrical conductivity of amorphous-crystalline selenium mixtures

Cited by 20 publications

References 12 publications

Selenium Impregnated Monolithic Carbons as Free‐Standing Cathodes for High Volumetric Energy Lithium and Sodium Metal Batteries

Selenium Impregnated Monolithic Carbons as Free‐Standing Cathodes for High Volumetric Energy Lithium and Sodium Metal Batteries

The Meyer–Neldel rule for dc activation processes in mixed isoelectronic chalcogens systems

S‐Decorated Porous Ti₃C₂ MXene Combined with In Situ Forming Cu₂Se as Effective Shuttling Interrupter in Na–Se Batteries

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A study of the electrical conductivity of amorphous-crystalline selenium mixtures

Cited by 20 publications

References 12 publications

Selenium Impregnated Monolithic Carbons as Free‐Standing Cathodes for High Volumetric Energy Lithium and Sodium Metal Batteries

Selenium Impregnated Monolithic Carbons as Free‐Standing Cathodes for High Volumetric Energy Lithium and Sodium Metal Batteries

The Meyer–Neldel rule for dc activation processes in mixed isoelectronic chalcogens systems

S‐Decorated Porous Ti3C2 MXene Combined with In Situ Forming Cu2Se as Effective Shuttling Interrupter in Na–Se Batteries

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Product

Resources

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S‐Decorated Porous Ti₃C₂ MXene Combined with In Situ Forming Cu₂Se as Effective Shuttling Interrupter in Na–Se Batteries