A Study of the Business Model Development of Human Centric Lighting: Based on Eco-Science Methodology

Abstract

Human centric lighting (HLC) is a promising market for innovations in the lighting market, but there is a lack of research on sustainable business models. Therefore, this study proposes a service, ecosystem, business model, and platform to innovate the HLC industry using eco-science methodologies suitable for manufacturing servitization. The study’s findings show that the introduction of a platform-based B2B smart space service can have an impact on the spread of HCL. Accordingly, this study derives a business model and billing strategy that industry stakeholders involved in the smart space can cooperate with. Further, the study proposes a platform design to realize the proposed business model and verifies a service prototype to analyze the completeness of the research results and their economic ripple effects. As for the implications, this study presents an integrated perspective business model to revitalize the HCL market based on a systematic methodology from the convergence studies perspective. Additionally, there are academic implications that, instead of just proposing the research results, objectively evaluate and verify the completeness of the results. The results of this study suggest a future-oriented direction for the field of HCL.

The Application of Human-Centric Lighting in Response to Working from Home Post-COVID-19

“…Kwon et al [32] conclude the current limitations around HCL lighting control and hardware from the perspective of capital cost to the end user. When considering the cost of cabling, framework, labour of installation, etc., it is considered unlikely at this specific time that manufacturers can produce domestic HCL systems within the price point identified by participants.…”

“…The technology at this time is not yet manufactured and installed in the quantity required to drive down the price per unit to match that of current customer expectations. Participants recorded that they would be willing to invest in the circadian system, although the literature produced by Kwon et al [32] suggests that this price point is unrealistic based on the current capital cost of hardware and the misalignment of business models presented by stakeholders of the lighting market. There may be an opportunity to increase this price point if employers agree to contribute to the lighting improvements for the benefit of productivity, although the logistics of this are currently unknown.…”

Machine Learning Methods in Smart Lighting Toward Achieving User Comfort: A Survey

“…LED lighting is an important part of human-centric lighting (HCL), which improves efficiency and convenience. Kwon et al [146] revealed that AI is one of the important elements besides IoT, big data, and cloud technology in the Industry 4.0 emergence. In addition, big companies such as Apple and Facebook are acquiring LED lighting companies and changing their business model in the face of this phenomenon.…”