A Study of Steam Injection into Wet Scrubbers

Abstract

of the Strouhal number." Morrow and Kline (1971) obtained the following correlation for the Strouhal number, St, for circular cylinders in flow of water St = 0.187 -4.15/Re (50 < Re < 150) which is 7-9% below Roshko's correlation measured in air St = 0.212 -4.5/Re (50 < Re < 150)where both St and the Reynolds number, Re, are based on the cylinder diameter (Roshko, 1953). Klemp and Acrivos (1971) made a flow visualization study of vortex shedding from circular cylinders using air bubbles in oil. Morrow and Kline have noted that there is better agreement between correlations for water and oil than for either liquid with the air correlations of Roshko (1953) or the more recent one of Tritton (1959). Thus, there is a yet unclear distinction between the Strouhal number in liquids and that in air. Unfortunately, these studies ivere not being extended to higher Reynolds numbers to check if the asymptotic value of St = 0.21 for Re > 500 is the same for both air and liquids. The data of Liu, et al. (1970), indicate a lower St in water flow for Re ~7000. To the authors' knowledge there has not been a systematic study of the influence of stream turbulence on the Strouhal number of blunt bodies in liquid flow.

Cold model study of metal droplet descent through fluids including a treatment of the non-Newtonian behaviour as exhibited by molten slag system

“…The rheological properties of these fluids were determined by inferring the relation between shear stress and rate of shear (equation (3)) indirectly from observations on pressure gradient and volumetric flow rate in the capillary tube using 51,52,54 …”

“…The parameters n9 and k9 representing the flow behaviour and consistency indices of the fluid were then calculated from the slope and intercept, respectively, of the plot generated using equation ( 8). 51,52,54 The experimental conditions of the apparatus may not necessarily satisfy all the assumptions. To ascertain the accurate rheological behaviour of the fluids simulating the molten slag and fluxes, it is essential to understand the characteristics of the model.…”

“…For the relative motion of solids and fluids, the following expression for the resisting force is used. [51][52]…”

“…where F R is the resistance force exerted on the solid body by the fluid, C Dm (C D /X Avg ) is the modified drag coefficient based on projected area A P . The shear at the surface t w may be expanded in the same way as the total force in equation ( 9) 51,52 t w ~CDm r f .V 2 m 2g c (10) The drag velocity is defined as…”

“…While in some studies 40,42 of the momentum transfer to the slag flow past metal droplets the analysis is based on Stokes law alone, some other investigations [43][44][45][46][47][48][49] consider spherical particles falling through non-Newtonian fluids covering a wide range of Reynolds numbers. In order to understand the phenomenon of momentum transport in Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids, Prakash 50,51 discussed the results of spherical particles falling through fluids described by power law models over a wide range of Reynolds numbers. He 52 also conducted a study on cold modelling of slag rheology.…”