A study of recurrent stone formers with special reference to renal tubular acidosis

Abstract

Forty-five patients with recurrent renal stone were examined for distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) defects by acid challenge test (150 mg ammonium chloride/kg body weight). Their 24-h urine samples were analysed for creatinine, calcium, oxalic acid, inorganic phosphorus, uric acid, magnesium and citric acid. One-hour urine samples before acid load and hourly samples for the 7 h following acid challenge test were collected and analysed for creatinine, calcium, citric acid, inorganic phosphorus, titratable acidity, and ammonium. The incidence of distal RTA defect was 22.2% in the patients examined. The major biochemical characteristics in RTA patients compared with patients without RTA were: (a) significantly higher urinary pH, (b) significantly lower excretion of citric acid, (c) no significant difference in calcium excretion and (d) a tendency toward lower titratable acidity and ammonium excretion.

A single nucleotide polymorphism in kidney anion exchanger 1 gene is associated with incomplete type 1 renal tubular acidosis

“…In the present study, urolithiasis patients did not show severe metabolic acidemia before acid-loading. After acid-loading, one quarter were identified as incomplete dRTA cases, with the percentage being similar to that among recurrent calcium-containing renal stone formers in previous reports 22 23 . Upper urinary tract stones that occurred in incomplete dRTA patients tended to be multiple and occasionally form staghorn renal stones in this study compared with those in non-dRTA ones.…”

Renal tubular acidosis secondary to capecitabine, oxaliplatin, and cetuximab treatment in a patient with metastatic colon carcinoma: a case report and review of the literature

“…It is suggested that abnormalities in the expression or function of band 3 in cell membranes may play a role in the pathogenesis of RTA [14]. RTA is one cause of nephrolithiasis [14,15]. As mentioned, our patient had a history of nephrolithiasis, suggesting the possibility that she was prone to develop symptomatic RTA.…”

Renal calcification in children with renal tubular acidosis: What a paediatrician ‎should ‎know‎

“…In persons with normal kidney function, the urine pH will decrease to less than 5.3 after administering ammonium chloride. However, in patients with RTA, the urine pH may not decrease due to the kidneys' inability to excrete acid properly[ 75 ]. The test helps differentiate between different types of RTA.…”