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Introduction The prevalence of diabetes is increasing globally . 3 to 5 % of all pregnant women show glucose intolerance. Approximately 90% of these women have GDM.Infants born to diabetic mothers are prone to complications like congenital malformations and metabolic abnormalities.Most of these complications depend on maternal glycemic control which can be prevented by good periconceptional and prenatal care. Aims and objectives This study is taken up to evaluate complications occurring in infants of diabetic mothers and also to compare the outcome of infants of preGDM mothers and GDM mothers Methodology This is hospital based observational study done on infants of diabetic mothers admitted in NICU, KGH, Visakhapatnam Neonates of diabetic mothers who have other complications like heart disease, PIH, Pre eclampsia, twin gestation, etc. which may effect the baby adversely are excluded from study Results A total of 50 neonates are studied out of whom 37 neonates are born to mothers with gestational diabetes and 13 to mothers with overt diabetes . Mean birth weight of infants of GDM is 3.7kg. Hypoglycemia is more common in infants of GDM mothers than in overt DM. Congenital anamolies are seen in 14% of babies. Birth injures including clavicle fracture , erb's palsy are seen in 5 babies, all of then weighed >3.5kg and delivered by assisted vaginal delivery. Conclusion Macrosomia,birth injuries and metabolic complications are common in infants of GDM mothers than in infants of pre GDM mothers.This shows importance of timely screening of all pregnant women for GDM and counsel them regarding importance of glycemic control to prevent neonatal complications.
Introduction The prevalence of diabetes is increasing globally . 3 to 5 % of all pregnant women show glucose intolerance. Approximately 90% of these women have GDM.Infants born to diabetic mothers are prone to complications like congenital malformations and metabolic abnormalities.Most of these complications depend on maternal glycemic control which can be prevented by good periconceptional and prenatal care. Aims and objectives This study is taken up to evaluate complications occurring in infants of diabetic mothers and also to compare the outcome of infants of preGDM mothers and GDM mothers Methodology This is hospital based observational study done on infants of diabetic mothers admitted in NICU, KGH, Visakhapatnam Neonates of diabetic mothers who have other complications like heart disease, PIH, Pre eclampsia, twin gestation, etc. which may effect the baby adversely are excluded from study Results A total of 50 neonates are studied out of whom 37 neonates are born to mothers with gestational diabetes and 13 to mothers with overt diabetes . Mean birth weight of infants of GDM is 3.7kg. Hypoglycemia is more common in infants of GDM mothers than in overt DM. Congenital anamolies are seen in 14% of babies. Birth injures including clavicle fracture , erb's palsy are seen in 5 babies, all of then weighed >3.5kg and delivered by assisted vaginal delivery. Conclusion Macrosomia,birth injuries and metabolic complications are common in infants of GDM mothers than in infants of pre GDM mothers.This shows importance of timely screening of all pregnant women for GDM and counsel them regarding importance of glycemic control to prevent neonatal complications.
Infants of diabetic mothers are at increased risk of complications. There is always a need for more research on this topic to look for complications and make strategies for prevention and management. Objectives: To determine the frequency of complications in infants born to diabetic mothers. Methods: This descriptive study was done at the Department of Pediatrics, Molvi Ameer Shah Memorial Hospital, Peshawar from 1st January 2022 to 31st December 2022. A total of 150 infants born to diabetic mothers were enrolled after written informed consent and frequencies of complications were noted. Data were analyzed using SPSS 24.0. Results: The mean age of the patients was 3.08 ± 1.7 days. The minimum age was 1 day, and the maximum was 7 days. The mean age of the mother was 26.9 ± 4.07 years. The mean gestational age was 36.9 ± 1.4 weeks. The mean duration of diabetes was 7.6 ± 1.14 years. The mean HbA1c level was 7.27 ± 2.41. There were 38% males and 62% female. Adequate diabetic control was present in 24.7% of patients while 75.3% had poor diabetic control. The most common complication was hypoglycemia in 24.7% followed by Macrosomia in 22.7%, prematurity in 20%, hyperbilirubinemia 11.3%, hypocalcemia in 10.7% and polycythemia in 10.7% patients. Conclusions: Most common complication was hypoglycemia followed by macrosomia, prematurity, hyperbilirubinemia, hypocalcemia, and polycythemia. However, due to its limited sample size, the results may not be generalizable.
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