A study of particle adhesion for cohesive powders using a novel mechanical surface energy tester

Properties of polyamide epichlorohydrin resin‐modified wood fibers/soybean straw powder copolymerization enhanced soy protein biomass composites

“…At the same time, in hot molding, the high degree of denseness benefits the heat transfer of materials in the high-temperature and hot molding process. More heat and high pressure also make the soybean straw powder and wood fibers form more bonding and enhance the gluing between particles, so the mechanical properties of the biomass composites are greatly enhanced [25]. High density biomass composites are dense, have low internal porosity, bind more tightly, and enhanced load resistance [26].…”

A new method for assessing powder flowability based on physical properties and cohesiveness of particles using a small quantity of samples

“…The internal friction force in systems composed of particles is particle adhesion which is contributed mainly by the Van der Waals force and the liquid bridging force [18]. Cohesion generally increases with a decrease in particle size and with an increase in moisture [19], but particle adhesion could be inversely affected with a increase in particle size and a decrease in moisture [20]. A yield locus plot of failure shear stress versus normal stress for a given consolidating stress is often used for powder flowability indication as flow functions to indicate the flow characteristics of powders [19].…”

“…Characteristics of the materials studied are given in Table 1, where material properties are shown including particle size distibuition as percentile values, size span calculated using the particle size distributions, particle solid density measured using nitrogen pycnometer and Bond numbers measured by a mechanical surface energy tester [20].…”

“…In this study, a mechanical surface energy tester was used for measuring the Bond numbers given in Table 1 [20]. In the determination of Bond number, a few grammes of commonly available powder (or the same test powders) was compacted to be a substrate disc.…”

“…In the determination of Bond number, a few grammes of commonly available powder (or the same test powders) was compacted to be a substrate disc. If there is not enough sample powder, a standard substrate disc can be used such as glass, TIVAR, mild steel and stainless steel [20]. In the tests, about 50mg of a sample powder was dispersed onto the powder substrate made of the same sample powders using an air expansion disperser operated at a pressure of 1.5 bar.…”