A study of normal foot abduction across various age groups in children

Gupta, Prabha Nini; Mittal, Naveen; Jindal, Nidhi; Verma, Parul; Sharma, Mrinalini

doi:10.1007/s00264-017-3603-2

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…To our knowledge, the longitudinal development of FR and FTR in children with clubfoot has not been investigated. Gupta et al [19] showed that, in healthy children aged 0-8 years, foot abduction (external rotation of the foot, with exed knee, simulating the Ponseti maneuver) ranged from 20° to 101° (mean 61° (SD 14°)). Outward rotation of the clubfoot is important during the initial correction with Ponseti casting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The foot drawing method: Reliability of measuring foot length and outward rotation in children with clubfoot.

Manousaki

Andriesse

Hägglund

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: The Ponseti method is the gold standard for clubfoot treatment. However, relapse and residual gait deviations are common, and follow-up until 7 years of age is recommended. We evaluated the reliability of the foot drawing method, a new instrument for the follow-up of clubfoot. The method uses drawings of the foot in the neutral position and external rotation to measure foot length and outward rotation.Methods: Nineteen children aged 2.5–7 years who were treated with the Ponseti method for congenital clubfoot were included. Two raters made the drawings twice (D1 and D2). Each rater measured foot length, foot rotation, and foot–tibial rotation independently (D1). Later, the raters repeated the measurements (D2). Interrater reliability was assessed using the D1 from each rater. Intrarater reliability was assessed using the measurements from each rater’s D1 and D2. Bland–Altman plots were used to visualize the limits of agreement (LoA). The mean, 95% confidence interval, and one standard deviation of the differences in all measurements were calculated.Results: The mean differences between and within raters were: foot length <1 mm, foot rotation <1°, and foot–tibia rotation <2°, which indicated no systematic differences. The LoA for foot length were: 4.5 mm and 5.9 mm between raters for D1, –4.8 mm and 5.9 mm for rater 1 (D1–D2), and –5.1 mm and 5 mm for rater 2 (D1–D2). The LoA for foot rotation: were –12° and 10.6° between raters (D1), –8.4° and 6.6° for rater 1 (D1–D2), and –14° and 14.1° for rater 2 (D1–D2). The LoA for foot–tibia rotation were: –17.8° and 14.3° between raters (D1), –12° and 12.2° for rater 1 (D1–D2), and –12.7° and 13.6° for rater 2 (D1– D2).Conclusions: The absence of systematic differences between and within raters, and LoA observed indicate that the foot drawing method is applicable in clinical practice and research. However, the results of the foot and foot–tibia rotation analyses imply that caution is needed when interpreting changes in foot rotation in feet with higher degrees of rotation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The foot drawing method: Reliability of measuring foot length and outward rotation in children with clubfoot.

Manousaki

Andriesse

Hägglund

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To our knowledge, the longitudinal development of FR and FTR in children with clubfoot has not been investigated. Gupta et al [ 19 ] showed that, in healthy children aged 0–8 years, foot abduction (external rotation of the foot, with flexed knee, simulating the Ponseti maneuver) ranged from 20° to 101° (mean 61° (SD 14°)). Outward rotation of the clubfoot is important during the initial correction with Ponseti casting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The foot drawing method: reliability of measuring foot length and outward rotation in children with clubfoot

Manousaki

Andriesse

Hägglund

et al. 2022

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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Background The Ponseti method is the gold standard for clubfoot treatment. However, relapse and residual gait deviations are common, and follow-up until 7 years of age is recommended. We evaluated the reliability of the foot drawing method, a new instrument for the follow-up of clubfoot. The method uses drawings of the foot in the neutral position and external rotation to measure foot length and outward rotation. Methods Nineteen children aged 2.5–7 years who were treated with the Ponseti method for congenital clubfoot were included. Two raters made the drawings twice (D1 and D2). Each rater measured foot length, foot rotation, and foot–tibial rotation independently (D1). Later, the raters repeated the measurements (D2). Interrater reliability was assessed using the D1 from each rater. Intrarater reliability was assessed using the measurements from each rater’s D1 and D2. Bland–Altman plots were used to visualize the limits of agreement (LoA). The mean, 95% confidence interval, and one standard deviation of the differences in all measurements were calculated. Results The mean differences between and within raters were: foot length < 1 mm, foot rotation < 1°, and foot–tibia rotation < 2°, which indicated no systematic differences. The LoA for foot length were: 4.5 mm and 5.9 mm between raters for D1, − 4.8 mm and 5.9 mm for rater 1 (D1–D2), and − 5.1 mm and 5 mm for rater 2 (D1–D2). The LoA for foot rotation: were − 12° and 10.6° between raters (D1), − 8.4° and 6.6° for rater 1 (D1–D2), and − 14° and 14.1° for rater 2 (D1–D2). The LoA for foot–tibia rotation were: − 17.8° and 14.3° between raters (D1), − 12° and 12.2° for rater 1 (D1–D2), and − 12.7° and 13.6° for rater 2 (D1– D2). Conclusions The absence of systematic differences between and within raters, and LoA observed indicate that the foot drawing method is applicable in clinical practice and research. However, the results of the foot and foot–tibia rotation analyses imply that caution is needed when interpreting changes in foot rotation in feet with higher degrees of rotation.

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“…Similarly, the mean foot abduction in normal children is variably mentioned as 30e70 . 18 It is also recommended that contralateral normal foot be placed at 45 abduction in unilateral clubfoot. Our experimental model considered all these factors and orthotic abduction was checked at 30, 45 and 70 .…”

Section: Arcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orthotic configuration and its effect on clubfoot: A bench research with modifications of orthotic bar length, dorsiflexion and abduction

Agarwal

2022

Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma

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A study of normal foot abduction across various age groups in children

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

The foot drawing method: Reliability of measuring foot length and outward rotation in children with clubfoot.

The foot drawing method: Reliability of measuring foot length and outward rotation in children with clubfoot.

The foot drawing method: reliability of measuring foot length and outward rotation in children with clubfoot

Orthotic configuration and its effect on clubfoot: A bench research with modifications of orthotic bar length, dorsiflexion and abduction

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