A study of nerve‐muscle specificity in the forelimb of Triturus pyrrhogaster

Piatt, Jean

doi:10.1002/jmor.1050650107

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…A segmental pattern of limb innervation, whereby the upper nerve roots of a plexus tend to supply the more proximal muscles and the lower roots the more distal muscles, is neither as outspoken nor as stable in urodeles as it seems to be in other tetrapod vertebrates-a matter that cannot be more fully discussed in this review. Furthermore, urodeles show a tremendous 'and to my knowledge unique variability in both peripheral nerve pattern and muscular innervation (Nicholas & Barron, 1935; Piatt, 1939Piatt, , 1942. Finally, Youngstroni (1940) has recently found that the adult Amblystoma punctatum possesses a double somatic motor innervation of its skeletal musculature, produced by persistence of the larval, primary innervation first described by Coghill (1913) alongside the later, secondary innervation.…”

Section: T H E Present S T a T U S O Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Concept of Nerve‐muscle Specificity

Straus

1946

Biological Reviews

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Summary (1) The concept of nerve‐muscle specificity postulates the existence of an inherent, specific attraction between given striated muscle fibres and given nerve fibres or neurons. (2) The chief theories of nerve‐muscle specificity, those of Furbringer and Cunningham, are considered. Furbringer's theory–that there is an unvarying, specific relationship between particular macroscopic, peripheral nerve branches and particular muscles–is founded upon a false embryological concept and is completely negated by both comparative and experimental data. Cunningham's theory–that there is a constant relationship between given neurons and given muscles but which recognizes variability in pathways adopted by axons and hence in macroscopic innervation –has some comparative anatomical support but is denied by the findings of experimental embryology. The theory that muscular nerve supply is inconstant, and that there may be secondary innervation, especially in phylogeny, is more in accordance with known facts. (3) Existing knowledge of the development of nerve‐muscle relationships–the outgrowth of nerve fibres, the formation of peripheral nerve patterns, and the establishment of terminal connexions–is reviewed. Although a number of important questions remain to be answered, there is nothing to indicate the existence of anything approaching a true nerve‐muscle specificity. (4) It is concluded that present evidence is against the concept of nerve‐muscle specificity. Thus resemblances in muscular nerve supply must merely reflect general similarity in development. Because of this, innervation is of great aid in homo‐logizing the muscles of animals belonging to one vertebrate class, but not in homologizing the muscles of animals of different classes. It is shown that urodeles so differ from other tetrapod vertebrates respecting nerve‐muscle relationships that they form a group unto themselves.

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Section: T H E Present S T a T U S O Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Concept of Nerve‐muscle Specificity

Straus

1946

Biological Reviews

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“…Similarly, the pattern of major nerves in supernumerary limbs formed following limb rotation is near normal (Bennett & McGrath 1980). In both of these cases the exact pattern always shows minor variations and many of the smaller limb nerve branches are abnormally situated, but the major trunks are obviously located in their correct overall limb position, (ii) If individual nerves are either misrouted or removed, the axons from the nerve regrow along a pathway th at is very close to its original position (Piatt 1939;Grimm 1971;Holder et al 1982). Directed regrowth in these cases occurs in the absence of perineurium and Schwann cells distal to the level at which the nerve is cut.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…To date, the most detailed studies of nerve fibre regrowth in the limb have involved serial section reconstructions of nerve patterns as seen in the light microscope and during gross dissection (Piatt 1939(Piatt , 1956(Piatt , 1957aBennett & McGrath 1980;Holder et al 1982). Little is known of the timing of the regrowth to the target site, the nature of the pathway through which the nerve regrowth occurs and the characteristics of the regenerating axons and Schwann cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Directed regrowth of axons from a misrouted nerve to their correct muscles in the limb of the adult newt

Holder

Tonge

Jesani

1984

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B.

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When the forearm flexor nerve (f.f.n.) of the newt forelimb is surgically rerouted to the ventral body wall, regrowth of axons occurs and these axons reinnervate the muscle targets of the f.f.n. This process of nerve regeneration has been studied in detail over a 12 week period by using light and electron microscopy, electrophysiology and nerve fibre tracking after filling with cobalt chloride. The regrowing axons were analysed by electron microscopy and it is shown that they derive from the rerouted nerve at the position at which the f.f.n. leaves its normal ventral limb pathway. Axons in the pathway do not originate from the cut end of the f.f.n. on the ventral body wall. The regrowing axons are identified within the body of the rerouted nerve and they leave the f.f.n. by growing through the perineurium. Schwann cells are invariably associated with the regrowing axons and the pathway through which the growth cones and neurites grow consists predominantly of extracellular matrix fibrils. The stages of maturation of the regenerated f.f.n. including fasiculation of neurites, myelination and reformation of a perineurium are also described. The results of the study are discussed in terms of current ideas as to how specific regeneration of a correct and functional peripheral nervous system is achieved in urodele amphibians.

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The homologies of the forearm flexors: Urodeles, lizards, mammals

Straus

1942

Am. J. Anat.

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A study of nerve‐muscle specificity in the forelimb of Triturus pyrrhogaster

Abstract: _____ 1937 Substitution of lateral for axial mesoderm iii relation to the J . Exp. Zool., vol. 76, development and segmentation of spinal ganglia. p. 35.

Cited by 14 publications

References 41 publications

The Concept of Nerve‐muscle Specificity

The Concept of Nerve‐muscle Specificity

Directed regrowth of axons from a misrouted nerve to their correct muscles in the limb of the adult newt

The homologies of the forearm flexors: Urodeles, lizards, mammals

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