IntroductionThe current practice in photometric testing, evalua tion, and application relies on far-field photometry, which assumes a homogeneous area source. Unfor tunately, far-field photometry does not accurately model luminaire performance in applications where the luminaire is close to the illuminated surface. There is a clear need for a calculation system that predicts the lighting environment more accurately.Toward this end, the concept and techniques of near-field photometry have recently been inves tigated and developed using two approaches. One ap proach divides the luminaire into many small pieces, to find out the photometric characteristics of each point on the luminaire surface. 1 The other method is to find equivalent photometric distribution for specific applications. 23 In a previous paper, 3 the authors reported the dif ferences in calculated illuminance values using farfield and near-field photometry. Mistrick and English 4 have reported that there are measurable dif ferences between actual measured values and calculated values using far-field photometry. These in vestigations, while valuable, were limited in scope and did not address the accuracy of near-field photometry when compared with actual lighting measurements.In this paper, we will examine calculated values based on both far-field and near-field photometry, and compare these to actual measurements. The nearfield photometric approach that we have used is the equivalent photometric distribution method. 3 In short, we have taken actual measurements of lighting values of various types of luminaires at a series of distances and computed the same values us ing both far-field and near-field photometry, compar ing the differences.
Luminaire selectionIn order to represent a variety of fluorescent lighting systems, three luminaires were selected for testing: a linear indirect luminaire, A; a furniture mounted luminaire, B; and a parabolic downlight luminaire, C.Luminaire A represents the most common type of linear indirect lighting system in use today, with wide spread photometric characteristics. The luminaires are normally installed 0.3-0.91 m (1-3 ft) from the ceil ing, and are suspended in continuous lengths. Because the luminaires are close to the ceiling, they benefit most from near-field photometry. Figure 1 shows luminaire A with an open top and a pair of side prismatic lenses. The luminaire is ap proximately 0.20 m (8 inches) wide and 1.22 m (4 ft) long with two 25-mm (T8) fluorescent lamps and a specular reflector.Luminaire B is an indirect lighting system designed for integration with the furniture in an office environ ment. The mounting distances are typically 0.61 m (2 ft) to 1.52 m (5 ft) from the ceiling. Unlike the con tinuous, linear luminaire, the furniture-mounted luminaire is a discrete unit, mounted individually; therefore, the luminance ratio on the ceiling is sen sitive to the accuracy of the intensity values not only along the length of the luminaire but perpendicular; to it as well. Figure 2 shows the cross-section of ...