A Study of Miscarriage: Development Validation of the Perinatal Grief Intensity Scale

Hutti, Marianne Hopkins; dePacheco, Minerva; Smith, Marian L.

doi:10.1111/j.1552-6909.1998.tb02621.x

Cited by 52 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…What is available as a basis for elucidating the nature of grief at this time are studies describing the development of self-report scales designed to quantitatively measure the presence and intensity of perinatal grief 10,11,[37][38][39] and qualitative studies of the experiences of women who had a miscarriage. [40][41][42][43] As will be apparent, the measures developed to assess grief following miscarriage differ in terms of the types of symptoms of grief they include and their comprehensiveness. In addition, although some of the scales to be described have been developed based on a factor analysis of item pools, others have been derived based on the scale author's theoretical or clinical perspective.…”

Section: Instruments and Methodologies Used To Assess The Presence Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grief Following Miscarriage: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature

Brier

2008

Journal of Women's Health

213

188

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Objective:The literature exploring the relationship between miscarriage and grief is sparse. This paper summarizes the literature on grief subsequent to an early miscarriage to elucidate the nature, incidence, intensity, and duration of grief at this time and to identify potential moderators.Methods: An electronic search of the Medline and Psych Info databases was conducted. Studies were selected for inclusion if they related to early miscarriage, used a standardized measure to assess perinatal grief, and specified the assessment intervals employed. Qualitative studies were included when helpful to develop hypotheses.Results: Descriptions of grief following miscarriage are highly variable but tend to match descriptions of grief used to characterize other types of significant losses. A sizable percentage of women seem to experience a grief reaction, with the actual incidence of grief unclear. Suggestively, grief, when present, seems to be similar in intensity to grief after other types of major losses and is significantly less intense by about 6 months. Few conclusions can be drawn in regard to potential moderators of grief following a miscarriage.Conclusions: Although additional research is clearly needed, guidelines for coping with grief following miscarriage can be based on the data available on coping with other significant types of losses. Given the range of potential meanings for this primarily prospective and symbolic loss, practitioners need to encourage patients to articulate the specific nature of their loss and assist in helping them concretize the experience. 451

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Section: Instruments and Methodologies Used To Assess The Presence Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grief Following Miscarriage: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature

Brier

2008

Journal of Women's Health

213

188

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“…1 Most women experience miscarriage as the loss of a baby to whom they already feel attached. 2,3 In the days surrounding miscarriage, the majority of women experience grief or depression or both. [4][5][6][7] As documented in a variety of cross-sectional and prospective studies, women's sadness may last up to 1 year after loss.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resolution of Depression and Grief during the First Year after Miscarriage: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial of Couples-Focused Interventions

Swanson

Chen

Graham

et al. 2009

Journal of Women's Health

107

105

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Aims: The purpose of this randomized controlled clinical trial was to examine the effects of three couplesfocused interventions and a control condition on women and men's resolution of depression and grief during the first year after miscarriage. Methods: Three hundred forty-one couples were randomly assigned to nurse caring (NC) (three counseling sessions), self-caring (SC) (three video and workbook modules), combined caring (CC) (one counseling session plus three SC modules), or control (no treatment). Interventions, based on Swanson's Caring Theory and Meaning of Miscarriage Model, were offered 1, 5, and 11 weeks after enrollment. Outcomes included depression (CES-D) and grief, pure grief (PG) and grief-related emotions (GRE). Differences in rates of recovery were estimated via multilevel modeling conducted in a Bayesian framework. Results: Bayesian odds (BO) ranging from 3.0 to 7.9 favored NC over all other conditions for accelerating women's resolution of depression. BO of 3.2-6.6 favored NC and no treatment over SC and CC for resolving men's depression. BO of 3.1-7.0 favored all three interventions over no treatment for accelerating women's PG resolution, and BO of 18.7-22.6 favored NC and CC over SC or no treatment for resolving men's PG. BO ranging from 2.4 to 6.1 favored NC and SC over CC or no treatment for hastening women's resolution of GRE. BO from 3.5 to 17.9 favored NC, CC, and control over SC for resolving men's GRE. Conclusions: NC had the overall broadest positive impact on couples' resolution of grief and depression. In addition, grief resolution (PG and GRE) was accelerated by SC for women and CC for men.

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“…A study investigating loss during different stages of pregnancy showed no significant difference in the grief response between mothers losing a baby by miscarriage, stillbirth or neonatal death (Frazer and Cooper, 2003). Hutti et al (1998) mentioned that, by talking with the parents in evaluating their experience on the actual perinatal loss and comparing it to the "standard of the desirable," those parents who are likely to feel angry and victimized should be screened. The "standard of the desirable" in his study was defined as "the way it ought to be, if I have to go through it" as been mentioned by Dougherty (1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychosocial impact of mothers with perinatal loss and its contributing factors: an insight

Sutan

Amin

Ariffin

et al. 2010

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

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Abstract:Objective: To evaluate the psychosocial impact among mothers with perinatal loss and its contributing factors. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC) from April 2008 to May 2009 using Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and self administered questionnaire. Results: Sixty-two respondents were included and most of them were working mothers (77.4%). The mean age of the respondents was (31.0±5.6) years and a majority of the subjects aged between 20-34 years (77.4%). According to the EPDS score, 53.2% of the respondents had a psychosocial impact with a total score of >9, out of 30. There was a significant relationship between psychosocial impact after perinatal loss and support from friends (P=0.019). However, there were no significant differences between psychosocial impact and history of previous perinatal loss, ethnicity, occupation, educational level, age or total income. Conclusion: Mothers with perinatal loss should be screened for psychosocial impact and offered support when needed. Family and friends should continue to provide emotional support. People who have experienced similar problem before will be able to provide better support than those who have not.

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A Study of Miscarriage: Development Validation of the Perinatal Grief Intensity Scale

Cited by 52 publications

References 11 publications

Grief Following Miscarriage: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature

Grief Following Miscarriage: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature

Resolution of Depression and Grief during the First Year after Miscarriage: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial of Couples-Focused Interventions

Psychosocial impact of mothers with perinatal loss and its contributing factors: an insight

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